Gender differences in outcome of eating disorders: A retrospective cohort study

Støving, René Klinkby; Andries, Alin; Brixen, Kim; Bilenberg, Niels; Hørder, Kirsten

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.08.005

Cited by 108 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Subclinical symptoms of disordered eating are also more prevalent in females than males (329, 700) and were highly heritable in pubertal and postpubertal girls, but not in prepubertal girls (148). In addition, recovery from eating disorders is slower in women than in men, and rates of remission are higher (698).…”

Section: Physiological Sex Differences In Disordered Human Eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the physiology of eating

Asarian

Geary²

2013

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

414

349

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(HPG) axis function fundamentally affects the physiology of eating. We review sex differences in the physiological and pathophysiological controls of amounts eaten in rats, mice, monkeys, and humans. These controls result from interactions among genetic effects, organizational effects of reproductive hormones (i.e., permanent early developmental effects), and activational effects of these hormones (i.e., effects dependent on hormone levels). Male-female sex differences in the physiology of eating involve both organizational and activational effects of androgens and estrogens. An activational effect of estrogens decreases eating 1) during the periovulatory period of the ovarian cycle in rats, mice, monkeys, and women and 2) tonically between puberty and reproductive senescence or ovariectomy in rats and monkeys, sometimes in mice, and possibly in women. Estrogens acting on estrogen receptor-␣ (ER␣) in the caudal medial nucleus of the solitary tract appear to mediate these effects in rats. Androgens, prolactin, and other reproductive hormones also affect eating in rats. Sex differences in eating are mediated by alterations in orosensory capacity and hedonics, gastric mechanoreception, ghrelin, CCK, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon, insulin, amylin, apolipoprotein A-IV, fatty-acid oxidation, and leptin. The control of eating by central neurochemical signaling via serotonin, MSH, neuropeptide Y, Agouti-related peptide (AgRP), melanin-concentrating hormone, and dopamine is modulated by HPG function. Finally, sex differences in the physiology of eating may contribute to human obesity, anorexia nervosa, and binge eating. The variety and physiological importance of what has been learned so far warrant intensifying basic, translational, and clinical research on sex differences in eating.neuroendocrinology; estrogens; testosterone; eating disorders; obesity SEX DIFFERENCES ARE PERVASIVE in physiology and medicine (51,64,73,109,110,466,797,826). The controls of eating and energy homeostasis are no exceptions. It was observed approximately 100 years ago that removal of the ovaries leads to marked accretion of adipose tissue in rats (697), that daily food intake expressed as kilocalories per gram body weight differs between male and female rats (778), and that food intake varies regularly through the ovarian cycle in intact female rats (674, 779). Sex differences in eating have been the subject of physiological research ever since. The clinical relevance of this work is increasingly evident. In the United States, women are approximately threefold more vulnerable than men to psychiatric eating disorders (346,351) and approximately twofold more vulnerable to severe and morbid obesity (BMI Ն 35 and 40 kg/m 2 , respectively, mass/height 2 ) (226). Women also appear to suffer more from these disorders in terms of physical and psychological functioning and quality of life (24,84,273,292,465,531,762). The increased obesity burden suffered by women is reflected in the fact that Ͼ80% of bariatric surgery patients in the U...

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Section: Physiological Sex Differences In Disordered Human Eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the physiology of eating

Asarian

Geary²

2013

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

414

349

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has the highest mortality rates amongst psychiatric disorders (Chesney et al, 2014), with the highest risk observed in those with longest duration of illness (Franko et al, 2013). The median duration of illness is of 7 years (Støving et al, 2011) and longitudinal research highlights that fewer than 50% of individuals recover fully, 20-30% continue to experience residual symptoms, 10-20% remain significantly ill and 5-10% die from the illness (Steinhausen, 2002). Given the health-threatening consequences of malnutrition and emaciation, nutritional rehabilitation and weight restoration constitute the first step in the treatment for AN (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary investigation of a novel training to target cognitive biases towards negative social stimuli in Anorexia Nervosa

Cardi

Esposito

Bird

et al. 2015

Journal of Affective Disorders

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“…For example, males are reported to account for 5-10% of patients with AN and 10-15% of patients with BN (i.e. Fernández-Aranda et al, 2004;Støving, Andries, Brixen, Bilenberg, & Hørder, 2011;Striegel-Moore et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%