Gender differences in personal values of national and local Italian politicians, activists and voters

Francescato, Donata; Mebane, Minou; Vecchione, Michele

doi:10.1002/ijop.12236

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The female activities are often less valued than men ones outside of the home [53], and housework is not really considered as proper ‘work’ [54]. Therefore, less self-efficacy related to work performance may not be related to what the amount of work people do or do not do, but rather to their perceptions and to the values attributed to the various activities they perform [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a relationship between self-efficacy, disability, pain and sociodemographic characteristics in chronic low back pain? A multicenter retrospective analysis

et al. 2019

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Background Pain-related self-efficacy is defined as the beliefs held by people with chronic pain that certain activities can be carried out despite the pain. Poor self-efficacy is an obstacle to the recovery and predicts long-term disability. The aims of this study are to investigate the prevalence of poor pain self-efficacy in Italian subjects with chronic low back pain (LBP), and to inquire the relationships between self-efficacy, disability, pain, and main demographic and clinical characteristics. Methods A secondary multicenter retrospective analysis was done on 310 outpatients with chronic non-specific LBP. The pain self-efficacy measured with the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ), the disability measured with the Roland & Morris Disability Questionnaire, and the pain intensity measured with the Numerical Rating Scale were considered variables to investigate, whereas demographic and clinical variables were considered predictors or potential confounders. A 40/60 PSEQ score was adopted as cut-off to distinguish between good and poor self-efficacy. Results 199 subjects (64.2% of the sample) showed poor self-efficacy. The odds of having poor self-efficacy appeared significantly related to female gender (OR = 1.80, 95%CI [1.12;2.90]; p = 0.015) and drugs use (OR = 1.68, 95%CI [1.06;2.70]; p = 0.029). Significant relationships also emerged between disability and higher age (β = 0.07, 95%CI [0.01; 0.12]; p = 0.02), being female (β = 1.80, 95%CI [0.32;3.29]; p = 0.018), low educational level (β = − 1.68, 95%CI [− 2.59;-3.29]; p < 0.001), higher height (β = − 0.08, 95%CI [− 0.158;-0.002]; p = 0.045), pain duration [mos] (β = 0.01, 95%CI [0.001;0.021]; p = 0.041), and drugs use (β = 2.86, 95%CI [1.44;4.27]; p < 0.001). The amount of pain appeared significantly related to educational level (β = − 0.47, 95%CI [− 0.76;-0.182]; p < 0.001), smoking (β = 0.56, 95%CI [0.09; 1.03]; p = 0.021), height (β = − 0.03, 95%CI [− 0.05; − 0.002]; p = 0.036), and drugs use (β = 0.81, 95%CI [0.399;1.22]; p < 0.001). No significant correlation appeared among weight, body mass index, and referred pain neither in relation to self-efficacy, nor in relation to pain/disability. Conclusions The majority of our sample, composed of Italian people complained of chronic LBP, shows poor self-efficacy. Female gender and drugs use are significantly related to poor self-efficacy, low educational level negatively influences the amount of perceived pain and disability, and older age and smoking are related to disability and pain intensity, respectively. The knowledge of these sociodemographic and clinical characteristics potentially influencing chronic LBP may be useful to address more efforts towards the most negatively impacted subjects, among the entire population complained of chronic LBP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a relationship between self-efficacy, disability, pain and sociodemographic characteristics in chronic low back pain? A multicenter retrospective analysis

et al. 2019

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“…This is a reality in which in the last elections, there was a higher number of women in parliament than in the past. In this way Italy, with just over 30% of women parliamentarians (IPU, 2013), has jumped in rank, rising from 56th out of 140 countries in 2010 (Francescato & Mebane, 2011;Pacilli, Mucchi Faina, & Berti, 2012) to 29th place out of 188 countries in 2013 (IPU, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender biases and linguistic sexism in political communication: A comparison of press news about men and women Italian ministers

Sensales

Areni

2017

J. Soc. Polit. Psych.

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This research on press communication uses a synchronic perspective concerning eighteen ministers, balanced by gender, in the Renzi government (in 2014), as well as a diachronic perspective concerning women ministers from five governments (from 2006-2014). The governments in 2014 and of 2013 were predominantly center-left, with the participation of center and center-right parties, whereas the previous governments had technical-professional rather than political ministers (in 2011), center-right (in 2008), and center-left (in 2006) ministers. In the synchronic analysis we explored the different ways in which the ministers are named, the relative presence of sexist/non-sexist, agentive/non-agentive, and abstract/concrete language in which they were presented. The first analysis comprised 332 headlines and the second comprised 1,356 headlines; we conducted a numerical and lexicographical analysis on the headlines. The results showed: more coverage for men than for women; gender biases in naming ministers involving a greater number of citations of women with both first and last name, whereas there were a greater number of citations of men with their first name only; the prevalence of sexist language that uses the generic masculine rather than the specific feminine (that is, the grammatical feminization of a typically masculine form) in representing women; an increment of the specific feminine in representing women in the last three governments over the previous two; no gender differences in the use of "I" and "We" as markers of agency; more quotations of direct discourse for women than for men; language slightly more abstract than concrete, for both men and women; more positive adjectives for women, and more negative adjectives for men. The results are discussed in relation to the international literature and to the Italian cultural-political context. Keywords RiassuntoLa presente indagine sulla comunicazione a mezzo stampa utilizza una prospettiva sincronica nei confronti di diciotto ministri/e del governo Renzi (nel 2014), bilanciati/e per genere, nonché una prospettiva diacronica sulle minstre di cinque governi (dal 2006-2014). I governi del 2014 e del 2013 erano prevalentemente di centro-sinistra, con anche la partecipazione di partiti di centro e centro-destra, mentre i precedenti governi avevano ministri tecnici e non politici (nel 2011), di centro-destra (nel 2008) e centro-sinistra (nel 2006). Nell'analisi sincronica abbiamo esplorato i diversi modi in cui sono nominati i/le ministri/e, la relativa presenza di un linguaggio sessista / non sessista, agentivo / non agentivo e astratto / concreto, per parlare di loro nella stampa. La prima analisi ha compreso 332 titoli e la seconda 1.356 titoli. Su di essi è stata condotta un'analisi numerica e lessicografica. I risultati hanno mostrato: maggiore copertura giornalistica per i ministri che per le ministre; biases di genere nel nominare i/le ministri/e, con un maggior numero di citazioni del nome e cognome per le ministre, e un maggior numero di citaz...

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“…The positive influence of women on prosocial outcomes is also apparent in the psychology literature which explains women's predisposed prosociality (Jaffee and Hyde 2000;Schwartz and Rubel 2005;Schwartz and Rubel-Lifschitz 2009;Francescato et al 2017). Evolutionary psychology explains gender differences in social goals by sex-differentiated selection pressures on human ancestors, as well as cognitive and affective mechanisms related to mating and reproduction (Schwartz and Rubel-Lifschitz 2009).…”

Section: The Interplay Of Human Empowerment Gender and Prosocialitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prosociality in Business: A Human Empowerment Framework

et al. 2018

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This study introduces a human empowerment framework to better understand why some businesses are more socially oriented than others in their policies and activities. Building on Welzel's theory of emancipation, we argue that human empowerment-comprised of four components: action resources, emancipative values, social movement activity, and civic entitlements-enables, motivates, and entitles individuals to pursue social goals for their businesses. Using a sample of over 15,000 entrepreneurs from 43 countries, we report strong empirical evidence for two ecological effects of the framework components on prosociality. We find that human empowerment (1) lifts entrepreneurs' willingness to choose a social orientation for their business, and (2) reinforces the gender effect on prosociality in business activity. We discuss the human empowerment framework's added value in understanding how modernization processes fully leverage the potential of social business activities for societies.

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Gender differences in personal values of national and local Italian politicians, activists and voters

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Is there a relationship between self-efficacy, disability, pain and sociodemographic characteristics in chronic low back pain? A multicenter retrospective analysis

Is there a relationship between self-efficacy, disability, pain and sociodemographic characteristics in chronic low back pain? A multicenter retrospective analysis

Gender biases and linguistic sexism in political communication: A comparison of press news about men and women Italian ministers

Prosociality in Business: A Human Empowerment Framework

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