Gender differences in recovery from posttraumatic stress disorder: A critical review

Blain, Leah M.; Galovski, Tara E.; Robinson, Tristan A.

doi:10.1016/j.avb.2010.09.001

Cited by 73 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…One study reported comparable attrition rates and treatment length for males and females undergoing cognitive processing therapy for PTSD [59]. Other studies have found that males are more likely than females to drop out of treatments including aspects of exposure [26,51,57]. Similarly, females appear to be more compliant in CBT compared to males [58].…”

Section: Psychotherapymentioning

confidence: 84%

“…As exposure therapy is commonly used to treat anxiety disorders, it is very likely that sex differences may exist in the effectiveness of such therapies. A review of sex differences in PTSD treatment identified a few studies that in spite of low sample sizes reported that females responded significantly better to trauma-focused therapy than males [51]. In contrast, a more recent study comparing the effects of exposure therapy given alone to exposure therapy combined with cognitive restructuring reported similar outcomes for males and females with PTSD [56].…”

Section: Psychotherapymentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Finally, the authors identified a meta-analysis that had divided 33 treatment studies into studies based primarily on male or female populations and found no significant differences in treatment efficacy between the two groups [7]. A review of sex differences specifically in PTSD treatment efficacy published in 2010 identified only nine randomised controlled trials that had analysed sex differences in PTSD treatment [51].…”

Section: Sex Differences In Treatments Of Anxiety Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining Sex and Gender Differences in Anxiety Disorders

Christiansen¹

2015

A Fresh Look at Anxiety Disorders

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Several studies have examined sex differences in different anxiety disorders. Females are repeatedly found to be more likely than males to suffer from anxiety in general and to be diagnosed with most anxiety disorders, including agoraphobia (AG), panic disorder (PD), separation anxiety (SA), specific phobia (SP), social anxiety disorder (SAD), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and acute and posttraumatic stress disorder (ASD and PTSD), although the latter three are technically no longer categorised as anxiety disorders according to DSM-5. This chapter provides an overview of research on sex and gender differences in anxiety disorders ranging from the well-established female preponderance in prevalence and severity to possible sex differences in the risk and protective factors associated with anxiety, sex differences in the clinical presentation of anxiety disorders, and potential sex differences in the effectiveness of different treatments. The chapter contains suggestions for future research, including important questions that remain to be answered.

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Section: Psychotherapymentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Psychotherapymentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Sex Differences In Treatments Of Anxiety Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining Sex and Gender Differences in Anxiety Disorders

Christiansen¹

2015

A Fresh Look at Anxiety Disorders

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“…Past studies of adult samples suggest that sexually abused women report more internalizing problems than sexually abused men, as well as PTSD (Blain, Galovski, & Robinson, 2010). For women survivors of SA, some studies suggest that they show more anxiety and depressive symptoms (Banyard, Williams, & Siegel, 2004).…”

Section: Gender Differences: Findings From Past Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender as a predictor of posttraumatic stress symptoms and externalizing behavior problems in sexually abused children

Gauthier-Duchesne

Hébert

Daspe

2017

Child Abuse & Neglect

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Despite the proliferation of studies documenting outcomes in sexually abused victims, gender differences remain understudied. The bulk of studies have relied on retrospective samples of adults with insufficient representation of male victims to explore gender specificities. This study examined differential outcomes among boy and girl victims of sexual abuse. A predictive model of outcomes including abuse characteristics and sense of guilt as mediators was proposed. Path analysis was conducted with a sample of 447 sexually abused children (319 girls and 128 boys), aged 6 to 12. Being a girl was a predictor of posttraumatic stress symptoms, while being a boy was a predictor of externalizing problems. Being a boy was also associated with more severe abuse, which in turn predicted posttraumatic stress symptoms. Child's gender was not related to perpetrator's relationship to the child or sense of guilt. However, sense of guilt predicted posttraumatic stress symptoms and externalizing problems while perpetrator's relationship to the child predicted externalizing problems. Gender specificities should be further studied among sexually abused children, as boys and girls appear to manifest different outcomes. Sense of guilt should be a target in intervention for sexually abused children, as results highlight its link to heightened negative outcomes.

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“…Recent surveys [7,50] report that in daily life more than twice as many women suffer from PTSD than men. This fact provided us with a number of reasons to select solely female patients: (i) the envisioned computer aided diagnostics (CAD) for PTSD patients is most relevant for women; (ii) with more female patients available, they were easier to include in the research; and (iii) including only a limited number of male patients would result in a heavily skewed distribution of gender, possibly turning this into a source of noise instead of an additional informative factor.…”

Section: Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-validation of bimodal health-related stress assessment

Broek

Sluis

Dijkstra

2011

Pers Ubiquit Comput

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This study explores the feasibility of objective and ubiquitous stress assessment. 25 post-traumatic stress disorder patients participated in a controlled storytelling (ST) study and an ecologically valid reliving (RL) study. The two studies were meant to represent an early and a late therapy session, and each consisted of a ''happy'' and a ''stress triggering'' part. Two instruments were chosen to assess the stress level of the patients at various point in time during therapy: (i) speech, used as an objective and ubiquitous stress indicator and (ii) the subjective unit of distress (SUD), a clinically validated Likert scale. In total, 13 statistical parameters were derived from each of five speech features: amplitude, zero-crossings, power, highfrequency power, and pitch. To model the emotional state of the patients, 28 parameters were selected from this set by means of a linear regression model and, subsequently, compressed into 11 principal components. The SUD and speech model were cross-validated, using 3 machine learning algorithms. Between 90% (2 SUD levels) and 39% (10 SUD levels) correct classification was achieved. The two sessions could be discriminated in 89% (for ST) and 77% (for RL) of the cases. This report fills a gap between laboratory and clinical studies, and its results emphasize the usefulness of Computer Aided Diagnostics (CAD) for mental health care.

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Gender differences in recovery from posttraumatic stress disorder: A critical review

Cited by 73 publications

References 47 publications

Examining Sex and Gender Differences in Anxiety Disorders

Examining Sex and Gender Differences in Anxiety Disorders

Gender as a predictor of posttraumatic stress symptoms and externalizing behavior problems in sexually abused children

Cross-validation of bimodal health-related stress assessment

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