Gender Differences in the Association of Hazardous Alcohol Use with Hypertension in an Urban Cohort of People Living with HIV in South Florida

Abstract

ObjectiveIndustrialized countries are currently experiencing an epidemic of high blood pressure (HBP) extending to people living with HIV (PLWH). Given the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use (HAU), this study examines the relationship between alcohol consumption and hypertension in PLWH. Including a gender analysis is critical, given the high rates of HAU and HIV among females.MethodWe followed PLWH including both HAU and non-HAU (200 each). Participants were assessed twice for body weight, blood pressure, alcohol consumption, and other BP-associated lifestyle factors. High blood pressure (defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg and/or treatment of HBP) was the primary outcome.ResultsOverall prevalence of hypertension was 38% and higher among HAU compared to non-HAU (42% vs. 34%, p = 0.02). Less than half with HBP (42%) were receiving treatment for hypertension. Overall, males had a 50% higher risk of HBP than women (odds ratio: 1.5, 95% CI: 1–2.6, p = 0.05). However among HAU, females were twice as likely to suffer HBP as their male counterparts (95% CI: 1–3.9, p = 0.02). Those HAU who preferred liquor, versus wine, had higher adjusted mean BP (132.6±18 vs. 122.3±14 mm Hg, p = 0.05). Additional analyses indicated that consumption of >1 standard drink of liquor or beer/day was associated with HBP. Risk of hypertension was noted in those with daily consumption of >3 glasses of wine. For those reporting <1 drink per day, the odds ratio of having HBP was 0.97 (CI: 0.6–0.99, p = 0.05). Factors associated with hypertension in the multivariate model included increased age, gender, BMI, HAU particularly of liquor, and smoking.ConclusionsExcessive hypertension burden in this population and its association with HAU and sub-optimal care indicate the need for preventive and educational intervention in PLWH. Analyses highlight the necessity of gender and type-of-beverage specific approaches.

Spatio-Temporal Variation of Gender-Specific Hypertension Risk: Evidence from China

“…Besides, our study also identified a more significant impact of tobacco use on females, consistent with the findings of previous studies in China [10]. Though consistent with the finding of Hui et al (2018) [10] that there was more impact of alcohol consumption on females, other researchers identified a more significant association between alcohol intake and hypertension risk for males [9,11,49]. This inconsistency may be due to the fact that only the status of ever drinking was considered in our study.…”

“…This inconsistency may be due to the fact that only the status of ever drinking was considered in our study. However, the type-of alcohol, frequency, and the amount of alcohol intake may also matter [9,49].…”

Factors influencing left ventricular diastolic dysfunction on echocardiography of people living with HIV in Kunming, China

“…23 Moreover, chronic excessive alcohol consumption causes cardiometabolic disorders, 24 and hazardous alcohol use may increase the risk of hypertension in PLWH. 25 Despite the fact that the life expectancy of PLWH on antiretroviral therapy (ART) has approached that of the general population, the habit of smoking or excessive alcohol intake within this group might curtail their life expectancy and elevate overall mortality risks. 26 Therefore, educating PLWH regarding smoking/ alcohol cessation is crucial.…”

Conducta no saludable asociada con el desarrollo de presión arterial elevada en adolescentes

“…Con respecto al consumo de alcohol, se muestra que en los hombres éste puede ser mayor que en las mujeres 19 la administración aguda de nicotina a humanos o animales, aparentemente, tienen un efecto en las mediciones de norepinefrina (o noradrenalina), proponiéndose la hipótesis de que esta droga produce efectos psicológicos por la alteración del sistema de señalización noradrenérgico. Esta forma de administración de la nicotina produce una estimulación muy potente al sistema nervioso central en humanos, produciendo un incremento en el promedio de la presión arterial, ritmo cardiaco, y niveles plasmáticos de norepinefrina, pero el tabaquismo crónico no se asocia con presión arterial elevada 17,20,21 , aunque en mujeres, en un estudio en Nepal, se observó que el fumar activamente es factor de riesgo para el aumento de la presión arterial 22 .…”