Gender differences in the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and depressive symptoms in older adults

Group‐based trajectories of depressive symptoms and the predictors in the older population

“…Gender differences in depressive symptoms or depression were reported in past studies of the older population (Cole & Dendukuri, ; Hsu, ; Chen et al , ; Andreescu et al , ; Back and Lee, ; Chiao et al , ). Kuehner () explained the possible mechanisms of gender difference in depression: There may be gender difference in depression in hypothalamo‐pitruitary‐adrenal axis in response to stress, which means the endocrine stress‐reactivity difference; there is gender difference in verbal strategies, distracting behaviors, and the coping strategies in response to depressive mood, which are related to neuropsychological function; and there are also social cultural factors causing gender differences.…”

“…Kuehner () explained the possible mechanisms of gender difference in depression: There may be gender difference in depression in hypothalamo‐pitruitary‐adrenal axis in response to stress, which means the endocrine stress‐reactivity difference; there is gender difference in verbal strategies, distracting behaviors, and the coping strategies in response to depressive mood, which are related to neuropsychological function; and there are also social cultural factors causing gender differences. The psychosocial gender role has been identified as a major contributor to depression in women (Kuehner ; Back and Lee, ). Furthermore, when considering the change over time, the findings about time effect of gender on risk of depression are not confirmed.…”

Oral health and depression in older Japanese people

“…Because of this, we used the TMIG Index of Competence to reduce confounding. Previous studies concluded that physical and socio-economic conditions were associated with depressive symptoms among women seniors 22,23 ; thus, we hypothesise that gender differences may be influenced by physical or social conditions among our participants. However, a low TMIG Index of Competence score was associated with depressive symptoms in the present study.…”

Physical activity, social network type, and depressive symptoms in late life: An analysis of data from the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project

“…Finally, it should be noted that depressive symptoms in late life are associated with sociodemographic factors (Back & Lee, 2011; Lee & Shinkai, 2005; Zivin, et al, 2010). Specifically, depressive symptoms are found more frequently among older-old people, women, and those with less education and lower incomes.…”