Gender differences in the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood growth trajectories: multilevel analysis

Suzuki, Kohta; Kondo, Naoki; Sato, Mitsuaki; Tanaka, Tsunehiko; Ando, Daisuke; Yamagata, Zentaro

doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.198

Cited by 48 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…There is, however, only scarce epidemiological evidence for this assumption. While two studies suggested that potential effects might be stronger in male children (39,40), others showed similar odds ratios for overweight and obesity in male and female offspring (5,41). The results from the latter studies are well in accordance with those from our previous study (34) and the present one, in neither of which we found indications of sex-specific effect modifications.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Is low birth weight in the causal pathway of the association between maternal smoking in pregnancy and higher BMI in the offspring?

et al. 2011

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This is the author-created version of the article. The final publication is available at http://www.springerlink.com/content/v50765612w23x7p8/fulltext.html. AbstractIntroduction: A number of cross-sectional and prospective studies suggested a priming effect of maternal smoking in pregnancy on offspring's obesity. It has been hypothesized that this association might be explained by low birth weight and subsequent catch-up growth in the causal pathway. We therefore examined the role of birth weight in children exposed vs. not exposed to cigarette smoking in utero on later body mass index (BMI).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Is low birth weight in the causal pathway of the association between maternal smoking in pregnancy and higher BMI in the offspring?

et al. 2011

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“…On the other hand, Hashimoto et al (2004) reported that high blood pressure due to protein restriction in pregnant rats was more likely to appear in females than in males. Suzuki et al (2011) examined the association between smoking during pregnancy and the BMI of infants. As a result, no gender difference was shown, but their results showed that the BMI rose for boys, especially after the age of three.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, BMI rose for boys after the age of three due to the effect of smoking during pregnancy (Suzuki et al 2011). Therefore, there is the possibility that the effect of the mother's physique on the physique of infants is different, depending on the sex of the infant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Body Mass Index Correlates with the Neonatal Physique of Male Infants

Fukuda

Tanaka

Harada

et al. 2015

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Recently, in Japan, the percentage of leanness has risen in young women, and the average birth weight has decreased. An increase in the risk of low birth weight has been reported in lean expectant mothers. In this study, we aimed to clarify the relationship between mother's physique at the beginning of pregnancy and the infant's physique, by focusing on sex differences. The participants were 3,722 mothers who attended health checkups for 18-month-old infants in an urban Japanese city. The participants were limited to those with full-term births, thereby excluding the influence of gestational length. A total of 1,287 mothers, with 621 boys and 666 girls, were analyzed. Public health professionals interviewed the mothers, and transferred the required information from their maternity passbooks. We examined the physical characteristics of the mothers and their infants. Partial correlation analysis, adjusted by gestational length and the mother's age at delivery, was applied to study the association between the mother's BMI and the infant's physique at birth. In the primipara group, only the boys showed significant positive correlation between the mother's BMI and the birth weight (P = 0.025) and the Kaup index (P = 0.035). In the pluripara group, only the boys showed significant positive correlation between the mother's BMI and the head circumference (P = 0.035). Thus, mother's physique may have a stronger influence on the physique of male infants, compared to female infants. The growth-promoting effect of the mother's physique is more apparent in the infants born to the pluripara.

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“…Furthermore, the degree of weight loss is similar to those found in other studies. 9 The mechanism underlying this decrease in birth weight is as follows: the oxidative stress of nicotine and carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke induces vasoconstriction in the placenta, which in turn causes ischemia in the fetus. 10 Another possible mechanism is that maternal anorexia induced by smoking may cause fetal malnutrition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between body mass index of offspring and maternal smoking during pregnancy

et al. 2011

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OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the body composition of offspring. SUBJECTS: Grade 4 elementary school children (n ¼ 1366; boys/girls, 724/642; 9 --10 years old) were enrolled in this study. All parents answered a lifestyle questionnaire, and children underwent passive smoking tests. Urinary cotinine measurement and lifestyle screening test parameters (that is, body weight, body length, body mass index (BMI), obesity index (OI), blood tests for liver function and lipid profile and questions regarding maternal smoking and lifestyle) were evaluated in terms of their relationship with maternal smoking. In addition, urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentration was measured in 80 randomly selected children to assess its relationship with oxidative stress. RESULTS: Both BMI and OI were significantly higher in children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy than in those whose mothers never smoked (BMI: 17.2±2.7 vs 16.9±2.5 kg m --2 , P ¼ 0.016; OI: 2.7±14.3% vs 0.4±14.0%, P ¼ 0.003). The degree of elevation was positively correlated with the duration of maternal smoking. The increases in BMI and OI resulted from increased body weight and reduced height. The confounding factors---'breakfast with family', 'watching television at dinner', 'eating and drinking before sleep', 'watching television for 42 h', 'sleep duration o8 h' and 'playing sports'---were statistically significant. BMI and OI were significantly high in children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy in these six confounders. On the other hand, urinary 8-OHdG concentration was negatively correlated with BMI in children who had 41.3 ng ml --1 urinary cotinine, suggesting that it may be related to basal metabolism due to oxidative stress. CONCLUSION: Maternal smoking is a risk factor for higher BMI and OI in 9-to 10-year-old children whose mothers smoke during pregnancy and may be independent of other confounding factors.

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Gender differences in the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood growth trajectories: multilevel analysis

Cited by 48 publications

References 31 publications

Is low birth weight in the causal pathway of the association between maternal smoking in pregnancy and higher BMI in the offspring?

Is low birth weight in the causal pathway of the association between maternal smoking in pregnancy and higher BMI in the offspring?

Maternal Body Mass Index Correlates with the Neonatal Physique of Male Infants

Relationship between body mass index of offspring and maternal smoking during pregnancy

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