Gender differences in the clinical characteristics of Saudi heart failure patients with subsequent stroke

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESStudies about stroke in Saudi Arabia are limited. This retrospective study aims to determine the clinical characteristics of Saudi patients with heart failure (HF) with and without subsequent stroke, and also to find out whether gender differences exist in the presentation of HF patients who had stroke.DESIGN AND SETTINGSRetrospective study done at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from 2002–2008.PATIENTS AND METHODSA total of 293 patient (151 males, 142 females) charts from 2002–2008 were reviewed at KAMC. These charts were from Saudi patients who were diagnosed with HF, with and without subsequent stroke. Demographics, HF characteristics, stroke risk factors, and metabolic characteristics were noted and analyzed.RESULTSNo difference was observed in HF characteristics and stroke risk factors among HF patients with and without subsequent stroke. In terms of metabolic profile, those who had stroke had significantly higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL)--cholesterol levels as compared to those without (P=.03). Stratification to gender and adjusting for age and risk factors revealed that significantly higher LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol levels were observed in female stroke patients (P values .02, .028, respectively) and significantly higher blood urea nitrogen levels were observed in male stroke patients (P=.04) as compared to their counterparts who never had a stroke.CONCLUSIONThe gender differences in the metabolic presentation of Saudi HF patients with stroke warrant further clinical investigation. Atherogenic dyslipidemia and renal insufficiency are suggested to be early predictors for stroke and should be closely monitored in Saudi HF patients.

Bilateral Stroke in Geriatric – Role of Health Care Professionals – An Evidenced Analysis for to Be Redefined

“…Having left side hemiparesis have shown better functional recovery recorded by in terms of balance, gait which was contradicted by Another finding who have with right hemiparesis with better functional recovery; as the functional recovery could be related to culture, site of hemiparesis, type of patient [24][25][26] . Being male, having bilateral stroke, findings of this research study need for future research were supported by Alquantani et al 2013 having recorded male preponderance for stroke 41 ; Further recommended need to evaluate the differences in functional recovery post stroke therapy among unilateral and bilateral stroke subjects and he acknowledges lack of health care evidences in this aspect of bilateral stroke. Greater functional recovery of this research could be attributed with similar findings of bilateral stroke recovery to be better than unilateral stroke similar to few other research 31…”

Functional recovery differences after stroke rehabilitation in patients with uni- or bilateral hemiparesis

“… 12 , 13 This lack of knowledge regarding Saudi Arabian healthcare resources highlights the need to examine the differences in FR after stroke rehabilitation among patients with uni- or bilateral hemiparesis due to stroke. 14 This serves to address country-specific cultural and social factors that may influence FR in this group of patients. Therefore, this study aims to examine the FR differences after stroke rehabilitation in patients with uni- or bilateral hemiparesis.…”

Prevalence and incidence of stroke, white matter hyperintensities, and silent brain infarcts in patients with chronic heart failure: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

“…There have been varying diagnostic criteria proposed for HFpEF, which could have contributed to heterogeneity in the patients included in studies, trials, and registries ( 90 ). Furthermore, some included studies chose to classify patients with LVEF within the range (40% ≤ LVEF ≤ 50%) under HFrEF, even though the most widely used classification of HFrEF would be LVEF <40% ( 26 , 33 , 46 , 55 , 93 , 94 ). Future studies should use the latest available guidelines to standardize the definition of the type of heart failure ( 95 ).…”