Gender Differences in the Impact of Child Sexual Abuse on Alexithymia, Dissociation and Self

Moormann, Peter; Albach, Francine; Bermond, Bob; Dijke, A. van; Jong, Jakob de; Wineke, Jaco; Metta, Kalliopi; Karanafti, Argyro

doi:10.5772/26047

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In addition, it should be taken into account that difficulties in both expressing and describing emotions reach extreme dimensions, which may mean alexithymia, which leads to emotional separation from traumatic events along with dissociation (Moormann, Albach & Bermond, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Traumas, Emotional Differences and Resilience as Predictives of Interpersonal Problems

2023

Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry &Amp; Psychology

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This study was conducted to evaluate the predictive role of childhood traumas, emotional regulation difficulties and psychological resilience in interpersonal problems in a non clinical adult sample. The sample group consists of 423 participants. The age range of 313 female and 110 male participants is 18-60 years old. Data was collected using Childhood Traumas Scale (CTS-33), Interpersonal Problems Inventory (IPI), Emotion Regulation Difficulty Scale-Short Form (ERDS-16), Short Psychological Resilience Scale (SPRS) and the Sociodemographic Data Form. The predictors of the variables were made using multiple regression and simple regression analyses. According to the results of the analysis, childhood traumas explain 20.9% of the variance, emotional dysregulation explains 39% of the variance and psychological resilience explains 01.0% of the variance in the predictor of interpersonal problems. In the predictor of interpersonal problems respectively, childhood traumas were classified as emotional abuse, emotional neglect, sexual abuse and physical neglect. Emotion regulation difficulties are listed as openness, rejection, and strategies. The findings of the study will contribute to the psychoeducation and health policies to be carried out in the healthy population in addition to the therapeutic process in clinical studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Traumas, Emotional Differences and Resilience as Predictives of Interpersonal Problems

2023

Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry &Amp; Psychology

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“…Indeed, traits related to emotion expressional (e.g. alexithymia, or the inability to identify and describe emotion) and, in turn, regulation can meaningfully impact the process of experiencing emotion, shaping a person’s understanding of their emotion and what might be necessary in order to modulate affect (Boden et al, 2012 ; Feldman Barret & Gross, 2001 ; Moormann et al, 2012 ; Lane et al, 2022 ). Further, deficits in emotion regulation are proposed to maintain psychopathology transdiagnostically (Fernandez et al, 2016 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Further, deficits in emotion regulation are proposed to maintain psychopathology transdiagnostically (Fernandez et al, 2016 ). Following trauma, one’s trait abilities related to emotion expression, awareness, and dysregulation appear to be a critical component of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Frewen et al, 2008 ; Moormann et al, 2012 ). Neuroimaging research implicates areas critical to emotion processing, awareness, and regulation in PTSD development (Fitzgerald et al, 2018 ; Frewen et al, 2008 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Facets of emotion dysregulation differentially predict depression and PTSD symptom severity following traumatic injury

Timmer-Murillo

Schramm

Geier

et al. 2023

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Emotion dysregulation is a hallmark characteristic of psychopathology following trauma. Yet, emotion dysregulation is multifaceted, and little is known about which aspects of emotion dysregulation predict depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity following traumatic injury. Objective: The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate how facets of dysregulation differentially predicted the severity of PTSD symptom clusters and depressive symptoms six months after a traumatic injury requiring medical treatment. Methods: Traumatically injured adults ( N = 99) presenting to a Level 1 trauma centre completed a measure of emotion dysregulation 2 weeks post-injury, and PTSD and depression were assessed at 2-weeks and 6 months later. Results: Using stepwise regressions controlling for baseline symptoms, age, gender, race, and injury severity, results showed baseline emotion dysregulation significantly predicted the four symptom clusters of PTSD 6 months post-injury. Notably, hyperarousal symptoms and negative alterations in mood and cognition were predicted by a lack of clarity. On the other hand, depressive symptoms were significantly predicted by difficulty accessing emotion regulation strategies. Conclusion: Results highlight that specific facets of emotion dysregulation predict PTSD and depression symptom severity differentially after injury. Indeed, lack of emotional clarity appears to predict PTSD symptomatology, suggesting a potential mechanism driving worsening symptoms. Lack of clarity could also be detrimental to engagement in PTSD treatment. Conversely, lack of regulation strategies may represent a sense of helplessness in managing depression after trauma. As such, future research should elucidate whether interventions targeting aspects of emotion dysregulation based on symptom presentations are useful in treating PTSD and depression following injury.

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“…CSA is thus a severe global crisis and has life-long devastating effects on individuals’ intrapersonal functioning (for example, low self-esteem and a poor self-concept), interpersonal functioning (for example, a lack of trust and social isolation), mental health (for example, depression anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder and substance abuse), sexual functioning (for example, problematic intimate relationships), and physical well-being (for example, chronic pain) in adulthood (Beckenbach et al, 2007; O’Dougherty Wright et al, 2007). CSA may also affect women more strongly, as women are predisposed to a greater risk of destructive internalized behaviors, developing dissociation, a negative self-image, and perceiving themselves to have undergone greater psychological distress than male survivors (Moormann et al, 2012; Cashmore & Shackel, 2014; Hillberg et al, 2011). Studies have also found that female CSA survivors are three to five times more likely to experience sexual revictimization in adulthood than women who have not experienced CSA (Godbout et al, 2019; Pereda et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Meaning Making Mechanisms in Women Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Scoping Review

Westhuizen

Walker-Williams

Fouché

2022

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

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Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a complex and prevalent problem with devastating long-term consequences for survivors. Despite these consequences, some survivors seem to find a source of meaning and fulfillment throughout their recovery process, which may facilitate resilience and posttraumatic growth (PTG). However, little is known from the literature about the specific meaning making mechanisms that CSA survivors experience. A scoping review was conducted by searching relevant journals and several online databases such as EbscoHost, Scopus, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Studies published in English and that discussed meaning making as a topic of recovery from CSA in the context of women survivors’ experiences were included, where a total of 57 articles were selected including qualitative ( n = 32), quantitative ( n = 9), mixed method ( n = 9), and review ( n = 7) articles. Using thematic analysis, the results of the scoping review found four mechanisms of meaning making and seven sources of meaning describing the meaning making processes of women survivors of CSA. The mechanisms were identified as being benevolent; restoring and empowering the inner self; mobilizing external and social resources; and lastly actively integrating the trauma narrative. This study contributes toward the global knowledge base on meaning making mechanisms of women survivors of CSA by providing the first known summary of studies to date. Future research is recommended to further confirm these findings to inform treatment interventions for women survivors of CSA.

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Gender Differences in the Impact of Child Sexual Abuse on Alexithymia, Dissociation and Self

Cited by 5 publications

References 64 publications

Childhood Traumas, Emotional Differences and Resilience as Predictives of Interpersonal Problems

Childhood Traumas, Emotional Differences and Resilience as Predictives of Interpersonal Problems

Facets of emotion dysregulation differentially predict depression and PTSD symptom severity following traumatic injury

Meaning Making Mechanisms in Women Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Scoping Review

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