Gender differences in the saliva of young healthy subjects before and after citric acid stimulation

Wei, Lihui; Lin, Chuan-Yan; Long, Yang; Li, Ru-Liu; Chen, Long‐Hui; Chen, Weiwen

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2016.06.040

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This would at least highlight the potential for pepsin to be present in the oral cavity after a reflux event but may not be detectable in saliva as it is still bound to the oral mucosa. Recent studies in healthy individuals have suggested unstimulated saliva production rates of approximately 700-800 µL/min which may increase by 2-3-fold during stimulation [34][35][36]. Similarly, previous estimates of swallowing frequency vary dramatically, with average numbers of swallows equating to 600 over a 24-h period [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Acute Effects of Carbonated Beverage Consumption on Symptoms and Objective Markers of Gastric Reflux

Lim

2018

Gastrointestinal Disorders

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Previous studies have suggested that carbonated beverages may cause gastro-oesophageal reflux. Pepsin (the major enzyme secreted by the stomach) has been suggested to be an objective, acute marker of a reflux event. This pilot study aimed to investigate whether intake of carbonated beverages could affect pepsin concentration in saliva or reflux symptoms. This was assessed by a randomised, crossover trial where participants consumed 330 mL of beverage (carbonated cola, degassed cola or water) at separate visits. Saliva samples and symptom questionnaires were collected at baseline and over the 30 min postprandial period. Pepsin was detected in all saliva samples. No difference was found in the salivary pepsin concentrations between treatments at all time points. There were significantly higher scores (p > 0.05) for feelings of fullness, heartburn, urge to belch and frequency of belches after ingestion of carbonated cola than degassed cola and water. The ingestion of carbonated beverages did not appear to increase postprandial pepsin concentration in saliva compared to other beverages but did evoke higher levels of reflux-related symptoms such as fullness, heartburn and belching. This suggests carbonated beverages may cause symptoms associated with reflux but do not drive detectable levels of gastric juice to reach the oral cavity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Acute Effects of Carbonated Beverage Consumption on Symptoms and Objective Markers of Gastric Reflux

Lim

2018

Gastrointestinal Disorders

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“…Accordingly, we designed our technique to prevent this intervention. Our laboratory has successfully applied citric acid to stimulate sAA for more than 30 years by using the standardized method described in the section . As a quality control, we detected pH value of saliva samples, and the sample would be discarded if its pH value was less than 6.4, which was considered to be the lower limit of saliva pH value.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our laboratory has successfully applied citric acid to stimulate sAA for more than 30 years by using the standardized method described in the section. 19,30 As a quality control, we detected pH value of saliva samples, and the sample would be discarded if its pH value was less than 6.4, which was considered to be the lower limit of saliva pH value. In the present study, no saliva sample was less than 6.4, and pH value increased significantly in both CNAG and healthy groups after acid stimulation, which suggest that citric acid did not alter salivary pH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormalities in acute salivary biochemical characteristic responses to gustatory stimulation with citric acid in chronic non‐atrophic gastritis

Lin

Wei

Long

et al. 2019

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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Background and Aim Salivary characteristics are altered in gastrointestinal diseases and related to oral taste disorder. However, specific salivary biochemical characteristics and their relationships with oral taste disturbances in chronic non‐atrophy gastritis (CNAG) remain uncertain. Methods Seventy patients with CNAG and 70 subjects in healthy control group (HCG) were enrolled in our study. The levels of salivary flow rate (SFR), pH, salivary α‐amylase (sAA) activity, total protein density (TPD), chloride concentration, and calcium concentration were determined before and after citric acid stimulation and compared between CNAG with and without oral taste disturbances. Results Average body mass index (BMI) of CNAG (17.75 ± 2.08) was lower than that of HCG (21.96 ± 1.72, P < 0.01). Compared with HCG, CNAG showed increased TPD and calcium concentration but decreased SFR both before and after acid stimulation (P < 0.01), as well as reduced sAA and salivary chloride responses to acid stimulation (P < 0.01). Compared with CNAG with normal BMI (24.29%, 17/70), sAA activity response to acid stimulation was reduced in those with low BMI (75.71%, 53/70, P < 0.05). Under resting condition, CNAG with dry mouth (55.71%, 39/70) showed increased SFR and decreased TPD (P < 0.05), as compared with CNAG without dry mouth (44.29%, 31/70). Compared with CNAG without bitter taste (57.14%, 40/70), pH was decreased in those with bitter taste (42.86%, 30/70) under both resting and stimulated conditions (P < 0.05). Conclusion Decreased sAA activity may reflect malnutrition state and be one potential marker of poor digestion, decreased salivary pH may contribute to bitter taste perception, and reduced TPD might be a cause of dry mouth in CNAG.

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“…In a longitudinal study of children, followed from ages 7 to 12 years, at age 12 years, the average stimulated salivary flow rate was 1.8 ml/minute ± 0.6 and there was no significant difference between males and females ( = 0.7697) [18]. In a study of 55 participants, aged 20-40 years, in which saliva was stimulated with citric acid, there was a significant difference in male and female stimulated salivary rates [27].…”

Section: Similar Studiesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Stimulated Hyposalivary Flow Rates in Healthcare Students in an Interprofessional Awareness Educational Program Curriculum

Wiener

Morgan

Swager

et al. 2017

Journal of Biomedical Education

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properly cited.Purpose. Hyposalivation influences quality of life and medication compliance. However, oral health knowledge (in general) and knowledge about hyposalivation (in particular) are often lacking in nondental healthcare professional's curricula. Additionally, hyposalivation has not been adequately studied in young adults. The purpose for this study is twofold: to use an interprofessional educational curriculum to increase nondental healthcare students' knowledge about oral health and salivary testing and determine whether hyposalivation is different between sexes in young adults. Method. First-year medical and pharmacy students ( = 178) learned the process of saliva collection and provided samples in an interprofessional program. Results. There were 14.4% of participants with hyposalivation; 72.0% were female. Males had higher flow rates ( = 0.005). There failed to be a significant difference between the sexes with frank hyposalivation. There failed to be a significant difference in hyposalivation and medication use/nonuse. Conclusions. Hyposalivation is a biomedical, public health concern. However, in this young population, there was no significant difference between sexes or in medication use/nonuse. Through participation in the program, the students learned about salivary flow rates and the need for collaboration among professionals to prevent negative impacts of hyposalivation and oral health.

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Gender differences in the saliva of young healthy subjects before and after citric acid stimulation

Cited by 40 publications

References 24 publications

Assessment of the Acute Effects of Carbonated Beverage Consumption on Symptoms and Objective Markers of Gastric Reflux

Assessment of the Acute Effects of Carbonated Beverage Consumption on Symptoms and Objective Markers of Gastric Reflux

Abnormalities in acute salivary biochemical characteristic responses to gustatory stimulation with citric acid in chronic non‐atrophic gastritis

Stimulated Hyposalivary Flow Rates in Healthcare Students in an Interprofessional Awareness Educational Program Curriculum

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