Gender differences revealed in the right posterior temporal areas during Navon letter identification tasks

Lee, Jaewon; Chung, Dongil; Chang, Sumin; Kim, Sungyo; Kim, Sang-woo; Park, Hyunsang; Ryu, Shinho; Jeong, Jaeseung

doi:10.1007/s11682-012-9153-8

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…RT analysis in the present study revealed significant differences between the sexes: men responded more rapidly in all tasks and conditions than women. These results match the findings of Lee et al (2012), who, while noting no differences in accuracy, found shorter RTs in males than in females in a divided attention task. In the current study we observed a generalised GPE, in males as in females.…”

Section: Understanding the Modulating Effect Of Sex And Women's Hormosupporting

confidence: 90%

“…However, later, Schmitt et al (2019) found that this design effect depends on children's reading skills. With regard to the subjective variable of interest here (i.e., sex), earlier studies applying the Navon task found smaller RTs in men than in women, both in directed (Martin, 1979b) and in divided (Lee et al, 2012) attention tasks, the latter requiring simultaneously global and local attention. As for possible interactions between sex and level of attention, the literature reveals that global level processing during directed attention tasks is easier for males (Razumnikova and Volf, 2011) and that local level processing is easier for women during both directed (Müller-Oehring et al, 2007) and divided (Roalf et al, 2006) attention tasks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Forest Before Trees: Letter Stimulus and Sex Modulate Global Precedence in Visual Perception

et al. 2021

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The global precedence effect (GPE), originally referring to processing hierarchical visual stimuli composed of letters, is characterised by both global advantage and global interference. We present herein a study of how this effect is modulated by the variables letter and sex. The Navon task, using the letters “H” and “S,” was administered to 78 males and 168 females (69 follicular women, 52 luteal women, and 47 hormonal contraceptive users). No interaction occurred between the letter and sex variables, but significant main effects arose from each of these. Reaction times (RTs) revealed that the letter “H” was identified more rapidly in the congruent condition both in the global and the local task, and the letter “S” in the incongruent condition for the local task. Also, although RTs showed a GPE in both males and females, males displayed shorter reaction times in both global and local tasks. Furthermore, luteal women showed higher d’ index (discrimination sensitivity) in the congruent condition for the local task than both follicular women and hormonal contraceptive users, as well as longer exploration time of the irrelevant level during the global task than males. We conclude that, according to the linear periodicity law, the GPE is enhanced for compound letters with straight vs. curved strokes, whereas it is stronger in males than in females. Relevantly, luteal phase of the menstrual cycle seems to tilt women to rely on finer grained information, thus exhibiting an analytical processing style in global/local visual processing.

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Section: Understanding the Modulating Effect Of Sex And Women's Hormosupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Forest Before Trees: Letter Stimulus and Sex Modulate Global Precedence in Visual Perception

et al. 2021

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“…A reduction of inter-hemispheric inhibition during high-hormone phases has been demonstrated in visual hemifield (Hausmann and Gunturkun, 2000 ), and fMRI experiments (Weis et al, 2008 ). In line with this idea, sex-specific hemispheric specialization has recently been demonstrated during global-local processing in a Navon paradigm (Lee et al, 2012 ), as well as during emotional memory (Cahill, 2007 ).…”

Section: Left or Right/coupling Or Decoupling—hemispheric Interplay Amentioning

confidence: 69%

Sex-specific strategy use and global-local processing: a perspective toward integrating sex differences in cognition

Pletzer

2014

Front. Neurosci.

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This article reviews the literature on sex-specific strategy use in cognitive tasks with the aim to carve out a link between sex differences in different cognitive tasks. I conclude that male strategies are commonly holistic and oriented toward global stimulus aspects, while female strategies are commonly decomposed and oriented toward local stimulus aspects. Thus, the strategies observed in different tasks, may depend on sex differences in attentional focus and hence sex differences in global-local processing. I hypothesize that strategy use may be sex hormone dependent and hence subject to change over the menstrual cycle as evidenced by findings in global-local processing and emotional memory. Furthermore, I propose sex hormonal modulation of hemispheric asymmetries as one possible neural substrate for this theory, thereby building on older theories, emphasizing the importance of sex differences in brain lateralization. The ideas described in the current article represent a perspective toward a unifying approach to the study of sex differences in cognition and their neural correlates.

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“…Gender differences have been reported in this task, although there is not much consistency. Lee et al ( 2012 ) found that men performed generally faster in this task, and attributed this to the established gender difference in spatial processing. In contrast, Roalf et al ( 2006 ) found no difference between responding to global and local level in men, while women responded more quickly when a target appeared at the local level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Sex differences in the Simon task help to interpret sex differences in selective attention

Stoet

2016

Psychological Research

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In the last decade, a number of studies have reported sex differences in selective attention, but a unified explanation for these effects is still missing. This study aims to better understand these differences and put them in an evolutionary psychological context. 418 adult participants performed a computer-based Simon task, in which they responded to the direction of a left or right pointing arrow appearing left or right from a fixation point. Women were more strongly influenced by task-irrelevant spatial information than men (i.e., the Simon effect was larger in women, Cohen’s d = 0.39). Further, the analysis of sex differences in behavioral adjustment to errors revealed that women slow down more than men following mistakes (d = 0.53). Based on the combined results of previous studies and the current data, it is proposed that sex differences in selective attention are caused by underlying sex differences in core abilities, such as spatial or verbal cognition.

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Gender differences revealed in the right posterior temporal areas during Navon letter identification tasks

Cited by 12 publications

References 57 publications

Forest Before Trees: Letter Stimulus and Sex Modulate Global Precedence in Visual Perception

Forest Before Trees: Letter Stimulus and Sex Modulate Global Precedence in Visual Perception

Sex-specific strategy use and global-local processing: a perspective toward integrating sex differences in cognition

Sex differences in the Simon task help to interpret sex differences in selective attention

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