Gender discrimination and sexual harassment as experienced by hospitality-industry managers

Gender Differences in Work Experiences and Satisfactions Among Front-line Employees in Turkish Hotels: Less There Than Meets The Eye

“…Kusluvan and Kusluvan (2000), based on their review of the literature drew the following conclusions about front-line service workers: hospitality and tourism workers were less educated that workers in other sectors; turnover among frontline workers is high because of low job satisfaction, few sources of motivation and poor working conditions exist(e.g., long hours, low pay); work schedules often change; there are few opportunities for promotion; supervision is autocratic; and there is little understanding of why men and women want to work in this sector. In addition, there is evidence that women are treated differently than men in the sector (Brownell, 1998(Brownell, , 1993Woods & Cavanaugh, 1999).…”

Facilitators and Constraints: Perceptions of Gender Differences on Women’s Career Advancement

“…Umbreit and Diaz (1994) suggested that the gender gap in earnings would be even larger if women did not achieve a higher level of academic success. Woods and Kavanaugh (1994) found that female managers in the hospitality industry earn $6,400 less than their male peers. According to Brownell (1994), women view this lack of equity as a predominate obstacle to their career progression.…”

“…These included glass ceiling (Galinsky, Salmond, Bond, Kropf, Moore, & Harrington, 2003;Knutson & Schmidgall, 1999), gender discrimination (e.g., pay disparities and sexual harassment) (Adams, Gupta, Haughton, & Leeth, 2007;Baum, 2015;Cave & Kilic, 2010;Diaz & Umbreit, 1995;Lin & Gunderson, 2014;Woods & Kavanaugh, 1994), organizational culture (Brownell, 1994;Eagly & Wood, 1991;Vianen & Fischer, 2002), and work and family conflict (Boone et al, 2013;Brownell, 1998;Mallon & Cassell, 1999). Weber (1998) also found that important career constraints perceived are "old-boy network", "lack of assertiveness", "male bias and stereotyping", "family and work conflict", "insufficient career planning", and "unhelpful bosses".…”

Gender Differences in Perceptions of Work Experiences and Service Quality Provided By Front-Line Service Workers in Four- And Five- Star Hotels in Turkey: A Research Note

“…There are findings indicating that women and men are treated differently ii this sector (Brownell, 1998(Brownell, , 1993Woods & Cavanaugh, 1999). More men are in supervisor and management positions than women, and women tend to congregate in particular functions (e.g., front office, front desk, human resources, housekeeping) reflecting both vertical and horizontal segregation (Jordan, 1997;Sinclair, 1997).…”