Gender Disparity and Women’s Health in Kidney Disease

Pregnancies in Women With Kidney Failure on Home Dialysis in the United States

“… 4 Pregnancy is further challenging in women with kidney disease due to a higher risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, and drugs such as mycophenolate used to treat kidney disease such as lupus are contraindicated due to their teratogenicity risk. 5 , 6 …”

Reproductive Health in Women with Kidney Disease

“…With kidney disease, there is a decrease in the clearance of prolactin, resulting in hyperproteinemia. Underlying comorbidities of autoimmune disease and use of immunosuppressive medications, like cyclophosphamide, to treat them also increase the risk of menstrual abnormalities (3). The reasons for the higher rates of menstrual abnormalities in women on peritoneal dialysis versus hemodialysis remain unclear, especially because patients on peritoneal dialysis likely have higher residual kidney function.…”