Gender Disparity in Academic Rank and Productivity Among Public Health Physician Faculty in North America

Lee, Donna; Jalal, Sabeena; Nasrullah, Muazzam; Ding, Jeffrey; Sanelli, Pina C.; Khosa, Faisal

doi:10.7759/cureus.8553

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our analysis is consistent with previous studies that characterized the gender, racial, and ethnic distribution of academic public health physician ranks [20][21][22]. While maintaining their dominance across all positions, our study showed a decrease in the overall number of positions held by Whites in each position.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…It also showed a simultaneous increase in the positions held by Asians. This finding coincides with Lee et al's study [21] describing a decreasing proportion of White faculty members from total academic physicians and a concurrent increasing number of the Asian faculty within the US academic workforce. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that disparity in academia is multifactorial, including biases in hiring, promotion, and compensation [20,22,23], all of which may limit underrepresented minorities in medicine (URiM) faculty recruitment, promotion, and retention.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Racial and Gender Profile of Public Health Faculty in the United States of America

Chander¹,

Shelly²,

Tiwana³

et al. 2022

Cureus

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the context of shifting population demographics in the United States (US), a diverse workforce in the discipline of public health can improve outcomes for various populations through the provision of culturally competent public health policies and corresponding research. This study explored the academic, racial, and gender profile of public health faculty in the USA. MethodsIn this retrospective cross-sectional analysis, we analyzed the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) annual report of faculty appointments at US medical schools. Descriptive data analysis was performed for chairperson, full professor, associate professor, assistant professor, instructor, and other positions from 2007 to 2018. ResultsThere was a decrease in appointments at all academic ranks from 2007 to 2018 with an absolute change of −239. Overall, most academic positions were occupied by Whites compared to other races, especially in leadership ranks. However, year-by-year analysis showed a gradual decrease in the number of positions held by Whites. Over the last decade, there was a positive trend with a marginally greater number of minorities appointed at academic ranks, specifically Asians. Similarly, no significant change was seen in appointments for Hispanics. Additionally, females occupied a greater number of new positions as compared to their male counterparts except for the higher academic ranks. The data obtained from the AAMC were voluntarily reported and thus may not provide a complete picture of medical faculty in academic medicine. ConclusionWomen have shown progress in public health faculty positions during our 12-year study period. However, racial and gender incongruity still exists at higher academic ranks and leadership positions. Further research is warranted to explore factors influencing faculty appointment and promotion, and strategies to reduce inequities.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Racial and Gender Profile of Public Health Faculty in the United States of America

Chander¹,

Shelly²,

Tiwana³

et al. 2022

Cureus

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Annual assessed differences between numbers of male and female faculty in undergraduate and graduate EHS programs reached up to 45.5% and 50.0%, respectively. Similarly, faculty members in several specialties in medicine (eg, neuroradiology, 15 family medicine, 16 pediatric radiology, 17 ophthalmology, 18 internal medicine, 19 emergency medicine, 20 general surgery, 21,22 chest radiology, 23 plastic surgery, 24 anesthesiology, 25 dermatology, 27 gastroenterology 28 ), public health, 40 and STEM disciplines 11,41 were found to be predominantly males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 However, women in various disciplines (eg, medicine, public health) are underrepresented in academic leadership positions. 15,16,19,20,23,27,40,42 For example, only 15% of chairs/vice chairs in academic emergency medicine 20 and 23% of department chiefs in academic chest radiology 23 are women. Ahmadi et al 15 also found gender disparity to be highly significant ( P < .01) for leadership positions in academic neuroradiology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial and Gender Diversity Among Students and Faculty in EHAC-Accredited Environmental Health Sciences Programs: Trend Analysis from 2009 to 2021

Balanay

Mitchell

Richards

2022

Environ�Health�Insights

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diversity in the environmental health sciences (EHS) workforce is crucial in providing culturally sensitive services to diverse communities. This may be influenced by academic faculty training a diverse student body in the field of environmental health. This study aimed to characterize the diversity of students and faculty in EHS programs accredited by the National Environmental Health Science and Protection Accreditation Council (EHAC). A retrospective analysis was conducted on secondary data obtained from annual surveys administered to program directors in EHAC-accredited academic programs that included both undergraduate and graduate EHS degrees. The database covered surveys on gender and race that were conducted by EHAC for 12 academic years spanning 2009-2010 to 2020-2021. Results show most students (undergraduate and graduate) were female (54.4% and 52.1%, respectively) and white (61.0% and 50.7%, respectively). Increasing trends were observed over the last 12 years (2009-2021) in female undergraduate (from 53.7% to 59.8%) and graduate (from 47.1% to 60.3%) students and in non-white undergraduate students (from 40.0% to 48.2%). Most faculty (teaching in undergraduate and graduate programs) were male (64.4% and 64.3%, respectively) and white (77.9% and 92.1%, respectively). Increasing trends were observed from 2009 to 2021 in female faculty teaching undergraduate (from 27.7% to 42.2%) and graduate (from 31.3% to 42.1%) students. Native American, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander are consistently the most underrepresented racial groups in both undergraduate and graduate students and faculty. This study provides baseline data on the diversity of students and faculty in EHAC-accredited programs, which is important in informing future research and efforts to increase such diversity. Gender and racial disparity in EHS students and faculty needs to be addressed to provide necessary support to women and non-White constituents by institutional change in culture through active recruitment and by stronger collaboration between professional organizations and minority groups.

show abstract

“…In this regard, it is important to understand the genesis of inequalities in the phases of an academic career and in roles in order to study the dynamics through which asymmetries are an obstacle to equality, also considering health needs and work-related stress, and to propose the genre as a knowledge and programming tool. Understanding and addressing the factors that produce gender imbalances, therefore, has a positive impact not only in terms of equality of opportunity, but also of general efficiency and excellence (20)(21)(22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender equality in the Italian academic context. Results from the IGEA project

Deiana

Dettori²,

Muresu³

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Innovation for Gender Equality in Academia (IGEA) project is focused on the analysis of the gender composition in academia, on the identification of the health needs of the academic population and on the assessment of their organizational wellbeing, in order to promote equal working conditions and opportunities. The study, focused on the identification of health needs, involved the construction of an ad hoc questionnaire in order to collect the socio-demographic characteristics and the perception of working environment of the participants. Differences between males and females were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney test, and Pearson Chi-Square or Fisher exact tests as appropriate, highlighting significant differences between genders regarding the occurrence of anxiety, panic, irritation and annoyance related to work activities. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the perception of work-related anxiety/panic, showing a direct association with the difficulty in work performance and the work-related stress during the pandemic period, whereas, an indirect association was found with job satisfaction and the feeling of being appreciated by colleagues. Occupational stress can increase the risk of developing physical and mental conditions, also affecting work performance and absenteeism. It is therefore fundamental to plan targeted interventions, implement policies and specific actions, in order to avoid and reduce any differences related to gender.

show abstract

Gender Disparity in Academic Rank and Productivity Among Public Health Physician Faculty in North America

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Racial and Gender Profile of Public Health Faculty in the United States of America

Racial and Gender Profile of Public Health Faculty in the United States of America

Racial and Gender Diversity Among Students and Faculty in EHAC-Accredited Environmental Health Sciences Programs: Trend Analysis from 2009 to 2021

Gender equality in the Italian academic context. Results from the IGEA project

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About