Gender equity in Canada's newly growing religious minorities

Reitz, Jeffrey G.; Phan, Mai B.; Banerjee, Rupa

doi:10.1080/01419870.2014.901546

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Muslim women may face discrimination due to wearing religious clothing such as head scarf; this discrimination can take place at many levels such as recruitment and career progression (Reitz et al 2015). In 2008, when she was 17, Ms Elauf was denied a sales job at an Abercrombie Kids store in Tulsa.…”

Section: The Influence Of Employment Contexts On Muslim Migrant Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pakistani and Bangladeshi mothers (who make up 75 percent of British Muslim women) are far less likely to be in employment either prior to having a baby or during the early years of their child's life than Indian, White or Black mothers (Ali 2015). Similarly a recent study examined the employment status of women among various immigrant ethnic and religious minorities in Canada (Reitz et al 2015). Although greatest among Muslim immigrants, other groups including Hindus and Sikhs also exhibit greater gender inequality in labour force participation relative to mainstream Canadians, one of the reasons given is the presence of young children.…”

Section: Wlb and Intersectionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A relational understanding of work-life balance of Muslim migrant women in the west: future research agenda

Ali

Malik

Pereira

et al. 2016

The International Journal of Human Resource Management

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Section: The Influence Of Employment Contexts On Muslim Migrant Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wlb and Intersectionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A relational understanding of work-life balance of Muslim migrant women in the west: future research agenda

Ali

Malik

Pereira

et al. 2016

The International Journal of Human Resource Management

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“…But because research has shown that religion is associated with traditional gender attitudes and practices (Reitz et al 2015), and because beliefs can have important material effects (Inglehart and Norris 2003a;Seguino 2011), I expect that higher proportions of non-religious people in a country will be associated with more material gender equality. I also expect major world religions to differ in their effects from one another, but suspect that the largest differences will be between the religious and the non-religious, rather than between particular religious groups (Schnabel Forthcoming;Furseth 2010;Noland 2005;Zuckerman 2008Zuckerman , 2009).…”

Section: Expectationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some recent research has been conducted on religious affiliation and material gender inequality (Reitz et al 2015), but the previous literature has typically used individual-level religious beliefs and practices to predict individual attitudes. Religious affiliation is associated with gender attitudes (Schnabel Forthcoming;Bolzendahl and Myers 2004;Brooks and Bolzendahl 2004), and some religious beliefs are associated with sexism (Burn and Busso 2005;Peek et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Religion and Gender Equality Worldwide: A Country-Level Analysis

Schnabel

2015

Soc Indic Res

124

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Does religion help or hinder gender equality worldwide? Are some major world religions more conducive to equality than others? This study answers these questions using country-level data assembled from multiple sources. Much of the research on religion and gender has focused on the relationship between individual religious belief and practice and gender attitudes. This study, alternatively, compares the macro effects of the proportion of religious adherents in a country on two indicators of material gender equality: the United Nations Gender Inequality Index and the Social Watch Gender Equity Index. Comparing the world's four largest religious groups reveals that the largest distinction is not between any of the three largest faiths-Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism-but between the religious and the non-religious. The more non-religious people in a country, the more gender equal that country tends to be. This finding holds when accounting for human development and other country-level factors, as well as in instrumental variable analysis.

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“…Several authors examine single nations and find that Muslim women are less likely to work for pay than women of other religions, even after controls for education and family status. This is true in the United Kingdom (Connor and Koenig ; Khattab, Johnston and Manley ), Germany (Diehl, Koenig and Ruckdeschel ), the Netherlands (Khoudja and Fleischmann ), Canada (Dilmaghani, Dean and Tyler ; Reitz, Phan and Banerjee ), Australia (Vella ), India (Klasen and Pieters ), and Malaysia (Amin and Alam )…”

Section: Past Literaturementioning

confidence: 96%

Do values explain the low employment levels of Muslim women around the world? A within‐ and between‐country analysis

Abdelhadi

England

2018

British Journal of Sociology

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Using worldwide data from the World Values Survey (WVS) gathered in 2010-2014, we examine two distinct ways in which Islam may be associated with women's employment. We show that, within their countries, Muslim women are less likely to be employed than women of other religions. We also examine between-country differences and find that, net of education and family statuses, the employment levels of women living in countries that are 90-100 per cent Muslim are not significantly different than those living in countries that are only 0-20 per cent Muslim. Then we test a prevailing view: that Islam discourages gender egalitarian values, and that these values - held by women themselves or people around them - explain why Muslim women are less likely to be employed than women of other religions within their own countries. Despite the rich measures of values in the WVS and a large sample, we find no evidence that values explain any of the lower employment of Muslim women, mainly because values have little or no effect on women's employment. Thus, we conclude that most of the world's gap in employment between Muslim women and other women is within-country and is not explained by gender ideology. Future research should examine alternative hypotheses, including ethno-religious discrimination.

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Gender equity in Canada's newly growing religious minorities

Cited by 32 publications

References 25 publications

A relational understanding of work-life balance of Muslim migrant women in the west: future research agenda

A relational understanding of work-life balance of Muslim migrant women in the west: future research agenda

Religion and Gender Equality Worldwide: A Country-Level Analysis

Do values explain the low employment levels of Muslim women around the world? A within‐ and between‐country analysis

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