Gender Expression, Skin Tone, Race/Ethnicity, LGBQ+ Identity, Discrimination, and Victimization: Moving Beyond Binaries

Abstract

Applying an intersectional framework, this study moves beyond binary categories of sexuality, gender, and race/ethnicity and considers the role of skin tone (colorism), gender expression, and sexual identity, in victimization risk. Using data ( N = 9,108) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we evaluate associations between everyday discrimination, intimate partner violence (IVP), and lifetime sexual assault, and key sociodemographic covariates. Analyses suggest gender expression, sexual identity, and skin tone are significantly associated with everyday discrimination, but victimization outcomes vary by intersecting sociodemographic factors. Results from the current study suggest an intersectional framework is necessary for future victimization research and policy in the U.S.