Gender Gaps and the Rise of the Service Economy

Ngai, L. Rachel; Petrongolo, Bárbara

doi:10.1257/mac.20150253

Cited by 188 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The third perspective emphasises the impacts of changes in the economic structure of countries, specifically the changes in the services shares of output and employment (e.g. Ngai and Petrongolo, 2017). In this paper, we provide new evidence on the roles played by individual worker characteristics and industry structural changes on employment equality progress in the UK since the early 1970s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

On Why Gender Employment Equality in Britain Has Stalled Since the Early 1990s

2018

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Using over four decades of British micro data, this paper asks why progress in closing the gender employment rate gap has stalled since the early 1990s. We find that how partner characteristics affected women's likelihood of employment explain most of the gap's shift in trend. Instead, changes to the structure of employment both between and within industry sectors impacted the gap at approximately constant rates throughout the period. There is evidence that continuing improvements in women's employment when they had children or higher qualifications worked towards narrowing the gap, even after progress overall had stalled.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

On Why Gender Employment Equality in Britain Has Stalled Since the Early 1990s

2018

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“…Productivity growth rates, γ x , where the next period's productivity is A x,t+1 = (1 + γ x )A x,t , are computed using value added statistics by sector from the 10-sector database and are similar to other estimates. For example, goods sector TFP versus service sector TFP growth is, γ g − γ s = 0.0123, identical to the estimate by Ngai and Petrongolo (2017). Following estimates by Bridgman (2016) for 1980 onward, I set home productivity growth at γ n = 0.002.…”

Section: Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This missing link, in turn, is likely due to omitting women's sectoral productivity differences and preferences. Ngai and Petrongolo (2017) focus on how much of the closing gender wage-and employmentgaps can be explained by structural change. The authors find that structural change can account for 20 percent of the closing gender wage gap and half of the rise in hours worked.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female market work, tax regimes, and the rise of the service sector

Rendall

2018

Review of Economic Dynamics

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US regional variation shows a positive correlation between the size of the service economy and female market hours, which is partially driven by different tax regimes. Based on this fact, this paper develops a multi-sector model to: (1) quantify the effect of different tax regimes in incentivizing woman to enter the labor force, and (2) estimate the feedback effect from women entering the labor force on the service sector size. Counterfactual results suggest that tax progressivity has a stronger effect than tax levels on married female market hours and the speed of structural transformation. In addition, married households react more to progressivity increases and single households are more sensitive to level changes. These results highlight that models ignoring tax structures (levels and progressivity) and household heterogeneity (dual versus single earning households) could lead to erroneous policy conclusions.JEL classification: E21, E24, J20, O14.

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“…For example, Ngai and Petrongolo (2017) argue that the expansion of the service sector has been instrumental in the gender wage gap contraction in the United States.…”

Section: Industrial and Occupational Segregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the gaps have contracted, they nevertheless remain considerable (Blau and Kahn 2017;ILO 2016b). The narrowing of the gaps in these countries has been associated with improvements in women's human capital characteristics, medical advances, the availability of childcare, technological progress in household production, and growth in the sectors that tend to employ women (Olivetti and Petrongolo 2016;Ngai and Petrongolo 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Pay Gaps in the Former Soviet Union: A Review of the Evidence

Khitarishvili

2018

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in January 2018The Levy Economics Institute Working Paper Collection presents research in progress by Levy Institute scholars and conference participants. The purpose of the series is to disseminate ideas to and elicit comments from academics and professionals.Levy Economics Institute of Bard College, founded in 1986, is a nonprofit, nonpartisan, independently funded research organization devoted to public service. Through scholarship and economic research it generates viable, effective public policy responses to important economic problems that profoundly affect the quality of life in the United States and abroad. ABSTRACTThe goal of this paper is to examine the patterns and movements of the gender pay gaps in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU) and to place them in the context of advanced economies. We survey over 30 publications and conduct a meta-analysis of this literature.Gender pay gaps in the region are considerable and above the levels observed in advanced economies. Similar to advanced economies, industrial and occupational segregation widens the gaps in the FSU countries, whereas gender differences in educational attainment tend to shrink them. However, a much higher proportion of the gaps remain unexplained, pointing toward the role of unobserved gender differences related to actual and perceived productivity. Over the last 25 years, the gaps contracted in most FSU countries, primarily due to the reduction in the unexplained portion. Underlying the contraction at the mean are different movements in the gap across the pay distribution. Although the glass-ceiling effect has diminished in some FSU countries, it has persisted in others. We investigate the reasons underlying these findings and argue that the developments in the FSU region shed new light on our understanding of the gender pay gaps.

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Gender Gaps and the Rise of the Service Economy

Cited by 188 publications

References 54 publications

On Why Gender Employment Equality in Britain Has Stalled Since the Early 1990s

On Why Gender Employment Equality in Britain Has Stalled Since the Early 1990s

Female market work, tax regimes, and the rise of the service sector

Gender Pay Gaps in the Former Soviet Union: A Review of the Evidence

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