Gender influence in EBV antibody response in multiple sclerosis patients from Kuwait

Al-Temaimi, Rabeah; Alroughani, Raed; Jacob, Sindhu; Al-Mulla, Fahd

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.05.021

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Two studies conducted in Saudi Arabia found an association between MS and measles, 45 , 46 which is consistent with a case-control study conducted in 2017 in Iran that identified an association between a history of measles and MS. 55 , 56 This is also consistent with a report that a history of measles during childhood increases the MS risk. 57 The association between MS and measles infection has been studied for many years, and this association has been postulated as a host response to viral infection, which may cause the demyelinating and inflammatory lesions in MS. 58 A serological study in Kuwait found that EBV increased the MS risk and the authors identified a strong association between EBV and MS. 48 The findings of that study are consistent with a meta-analysis reporting that a history of infectious mononucleosis more than doubles the risk of MS. 59 It is currently unclear whether EBV is independently associated with MS or whether some other factors predispose an individual to both EBV infection and MS. EBV affects people of all ages, and, after causing an asymptomatic primary infection early in childhood, the virus exists in a latent form in B cells, from which it can later progress to infectious mononucleosis. 60 A strong association between EBV and MS has been demonstrated in various epidemiological 61 and serological studies conducted in Western countries.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…53 Only two studies on EBV and MS were conducted in a GCC country (both in Kuwait), and these reported conflicting results. An epidemiological study showed no association between EBV and MS, 47 whereas a serological study showed a strong association between EBV and MS. 48 Electronic database searching PubMed: 57 Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6)…”

Section: Epstein-barr Virus (Ebv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 These GCC nations have many commonalities and share aspects such as borders, experiences of climate change, cultural values, lifestyles, and socioeconomic development. Over the past 20 years, oil and gas revenues have led to drastic social and cultural changes as well as an epidemiologic transformation, 36 which may be leading to increases in environmental factors that result in conditions such as vitamin D deficiency, 37 , 38 infections, 39 , 40 obesity, 41 , 42 and smoking. 43 , 44 In addition, increasing younger populations and the availability of free medical services for citizens may facilitate early diagnosis and partially explain an increase in the MS incidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of infections with multiple sclerosis in Gulf Cooperation Council countries: a review

Wutayd

2019

J Int Med Res

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, causing inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Infection can play a role in its etiology. Herein, a review is presented of studies that have reported an association between infection and MS risk in countries of the Arabian Gulf region. Searches of the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases were carried out using various search terms, and relevant studies published through January 2019 on the epidemiology of MS in Gulf Cooperation Council countries identified. MS has been found to be associated with measles in Saudi Arabia and Epstein–Barr virus in Kuwait whereas no association has been identified between risk of MS and varicella-zoster virus, mumps, or human herpesvirus-6. However, few epidemiological studies on this topic have been conducted in countries of the Gulf region. Longitudinal and serological studies to establish robust evidence between infection and risk of MS are highly recommended, and a regional MS registry is needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Epstein-barr Virus (Ebv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of infections with multiple sclerosis in Gulf Cooperation Council countries: a review

Wutayd

2019

J Int Med Res

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“…Patients were grouped into PI low if PI ≤ 0.5, and intermediate to high if PI ≥ 0.51 [ 18 ]. HLA-DRB1*51 status for both cohorts were previously determined by rs3135005 genotyping [ 19 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms with Multiple Sclerosis in a Case-Control Study from Kuwait

et al. 2015

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Vitamin D deficiency is associated with several diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). Several factors influence vitamin D levels and its optimal multi-function maintenance. Our objective was to assess quantifiable variables influencing vitamin D level and metabolism in MS patients from Kuwait. In a case-control study involving 50 MS patients, and 50 healthy control individuals for which plasma vitamin D levels, supplement use, vitamin D receptor (VDR) variants, and skin pigmentation indices were ascertained; we found overall vitamin D levels to be deficient in both groups, and supplement use to be common practice. VDR variants TaqI and BsmI associated with MS risk, and ApaI associated with low disease progression. VDR variant FokI associated with higher vitamin D levels in both groups. We conclude that several quantifiable variables related to vitamin D associate with MS suggesting a possible clinical immuno-modulatory application of vitamin D for MS patients in Kuwait.

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“…In Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), significant number of patients infected with EBV was found within the MS populations [108,109].…”

Section: Citationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the Molecular Basis of Multiple Sclerosis and Understanding the Disease Pathophysiology

Eiman¹

2016

Immunome Res

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex, multifactorial autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration. The increased prevalence of this disease in Arabian Gulf Countries (AGCs) has captivated the author. The following is a deliberative review of the disease with respect to its molecular basis. Briefly, it considers disease pathophysiology though the molecular composition of the cell; the genome, epigenome and mitochondrial genome; and relates these factors to environmental, etiological factors, including: vitamin D, UVR, EBV infection, smoking and obesity. All in all, this review aims to explain the reasons underlying the increasing prevalence of MS in AGCs.

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Gender influence in EBV antibody response in multiple sclerosis patients from Kuwait

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Association of infections with multiple sclerosis in Gulf Cooperation Council countries: a review

Association of infections with multiple sclerosis in Gulf Cooperation Council countries: a review

The Association of Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms with Multiple Sclerosis in a Case-Control Study from Kuwait

Elucidating the Molecular Basis of Multiple Sclerosis and Understanding the Disease Pathophysiology

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