Gender influence on antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage in saliva of children with autism spectrum disorder: a preliminary study

Abstract

Introduction Autism is a complex neurological disorder with multifactorial causes, which compromises physical, psychological, emotional and social skills. This disorder also impairs dental care and patient oral health. Saliva can be easily obtained using a non-invasive technique and has been used in the diagnosis and screening of many pathologies. Total antioxidant capacity of saliva is reduced in the presence of caries in children and has been studied as a possible marker for autism. However, data on salivary antioxidants in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is scarce. Objective This preliminary study evaluated the existence of gender influence on non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity and protein oxidative damage in the saliva of children with this disorder. Our hypothesis is that there are gender differences in these biochemical parameters in children with austim. Material and method Whole saliva samples were collected by aspiration between 8:00-11:00 am from 12 girls and 12 boys aged 5 to 15 years, with previous diagnosis for this disorder. Total antioxidant capacity, uric acid, protein concentration and oxidative damage to proteins were analyzed by spectrophotometry. Values were presented as mean ± standard deviation and tested for adherence to normality (Shapiro-Wilk test). The data were then compared using the Mann-Whitney test, considering a 5% significance level. Result There was no significant difference between groups for all analyzed parameters (P>0.05). Conclusion Based on the results obtained, we concluded that gender does not influence the levels of oxidative stress markers in the saliva of children with ASD.

Salivary flow and salivary proteins in male and female children with autism spectrum disorder: pilot study

“…12 girls and 12 boys, with average ages of 9.08 ± 2.84 and 9.17 ± 2.98 respectively. The use of drug associations was frequent among the patients, 50% in girls and 58% in boys, and anticonvulsants were the most frequent drug class recorded 31.7% 16 .…”

“…We invited 12 female and 12 male patients with ASD from the Dental Assistance Center for People with Disabilities (CAOE) of the São Paulo University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, aged between 5 and 15 years, to participate in the study. The exclusion criteria were non-collaborating patients, the need for sedation, unstable health, carriers of blood disorders, edentulous, and patients supplemented with vitamins in the two months prior to the saliva collection 16 .…”

“…Saliva was centrifuged at 10,000 x g (Centrifuge 5810 R, Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) at 4°C for 10 min to remove cells and reduce turbidity. The supernatant was fractionated and stored at -80°C until protein analysis 16 .…”

Impact of the burden of caregivers of children with ASD on oral health

“…The exclusion criteria were: non-collaborating patients; need for sedation; unstable health condition; blood disorders; edentulous patients; active cancer; patients supplemented with vitamins in the last two months; use of anti-inflammatory drugs or antibiotics in the last 3 months 18,19 .…”