Gender issues in livestock production systems in Ethiopia: A literature review

Kinati, Wole; Mulema, Annet A.

doi:10.33259/jlivestsci.2019.66-80

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Feed and water shortages and animal diseases are the major livestock production constraints ( 18 , 19 ). Women and men play different roles in livestock management ( 20 ). Women are commonly involved in feeding animals, cleaning barns, caring for small and sick animals, and milking cows.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Community Conversations to explore animal welfare perceptions and practices of rural households in Ethiopia

Lemma¹,

Doyle

Alemayehu³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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There is a scarcity of data on animal welfare and its impact on livelihoods to inform animal welfare initiatives in Ethiopia. Perceptions and practices of rural households toward animal welfare are influenced by socio-cultural, demographic, and agroecological factors. We conducted Community Conversations in two geographically and culturally diverse regions of Ethiopia to explore the attitudes and practices of rural households regarding animal welfare and its impact on livelihoods. Community Conversations are facilitated dialogues among rural households to explore their perceptions, practices, constraints, and needs and identify and co-create solutions to improve the welfare of their animals. We used single- and mixed-sex discussion groups to understand community members' gendered perceptions of animal welfare and influence their attitudes and practices toward gender-equitable roles in animal welfare management. In the Community Conversations, community members readily described the biological needs of their animals but there was also a good acknowledgment of the behavioral and affective state needs of animals. Identified constraints for animal welfare included feed and water shortage, limited veterinary support, and poor animal handling practices. Community members described the welfare of their animals as being intertwined with their own livelihoods and identified productive, public health, and non-economic benefits of good animal welfare. Raising awareness of animal welfare within rural communities through Community Conversations is a useful way to both identify livestock production needs as well as engage community members in making practical improvements in animal welfare. The understanding of perceptions, practices, and needs of rural households in animal welfare helps engage communities in starting behavioral change and provides insights into developing context-specific welfare improvement interventions. Community Conversations are also an effective way to feedback community voices into planning to build a bottom-up implementation of animal welfare programs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Community Conversations to explore animal welfare perceptions and practices of rural households in Ethiopia

Lemma¹,

Doyle

Alemayehu³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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show abstract

“…Despite rural women's key role in the process of agricultural production, processing, and marketing, they are generally perceived as marginal actors (Asrat and Getnet, 2012;Leulsegged et al, 2015). In the case of livestock production in Ethiopia, numerous previous studies have highlighted the significant influence of gender norms affecting livestock production (Kinati et al, 2018;Kinati and Mulema, 2019;Mulema et al, 2019aMulema et al, , 2020Mulema et al, , 2021, implying the importance of introducing gender transformative interventions that can ensure gender equitable benefits. Literature reveals that both men and women farmers are actively involved in livestock production (Belete and Charmaz, 2006;Hulela, 2010;Ragasa et al, 2012), although women's contribution is culturally undervalued (Kinati et al, 2018).…”

Section: Setting the Scene: The Need For Gtas In Ethiopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the mixed and livestock-based systems, studies under the Livestock CRP concluded that gender relations are highly unequal (Kinati and Mulema, 2016;Kinati, 2017;Mulema, 2018). Women's access to, ownership of, and control over productive resources are markedly limited due to gender norms (Zahra et al, 2014;Galiè et al, 2015).…”

Section: Setting the Scene: The Need For Gtas In Ethiopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Existing gender norms not only discourage women from owning key assets but also limit their access to other opportunities. For example, in Bonga, Ethiopia, women are discouraged from owning livestock and as a result forgo opportunities to access livestock-based institutions such as the breeding cooperatives (Kinati, 2017;Mulema et al, 2019a). Yet, if such attitudes are transformed and women are allowed to own animals and then become members, they could not only generate additional income for themselves and their families but also help to strengthen the cooperative itself (Kabeer, 2017).…”

Section: Setting the Scene: The Need For Gtas In Ethiopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenging structures: gender transformative interventions by livestock CRP in Ethiopia

Kinati,

Temple,

Baker

et al. 2023

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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IntroductionThis study is a review of secondary literature that has been synthesized to extract information and demonstrate the implementation and impact of community conversations (CCs) on gender aspects of social norms in livestock-based systems in Ethiopia.MethodsThe study used the phenomenological method of qualitative literature review to sketch the gender transformative approach to the delivery of knowledge products in a program on transforming the small ruminant value chain. The CC aimed at addressing gender-related norms in the division of labor, resource ownership, and handling practices of animals and their products previously identified, and those that emerged during the CC events across the study sites. A total of 1,517 community members (out of which 574 are women) took part in various CC events.Results and discussionThe review shows that the gender-related norms addressed were in line with the identified constraining norms faced by women livestock keepers in the mixed and livestock-based systems. The CC approach adopted complied with the stages laid out in literature: identification of existing knowledge; imparting new knowledge; knowledge integration and application; and review, reflection, and re-planning. The process was inclusive and community-engaging, which possibly cultivated intrinsic motivation and ownership of the process. Changes in knowledge, attitudes, and practices at household, community, and institutional levels were identified. The conclusions include institutionalizing the gender transformative approach in the public agricultural extension system. This could be facilitated by the generation of robust objective evidence of impacts and guidance for subsequent scaling at local, regional, and national levels.

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“…Gender roles between women and men varies according to enterprise, farming system, technology used, culture, wealth status, religion and animal populations which are influenced by sociocultural and socio-economic factors (Mulema et al, 2017). Women dominated roles in goat management practices and husbandry were feeding/grazing, cleaning of barns, watering and done in conjunction with other activities (Zahra et al, 2014) whereas; men generally involved in barn preparation/construction, feeding, herding, sale/ marketing of animals (Kinati and Mulema, 2016). In many cases gender roles are biased and favour certain social constituencies at the expense of others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Gender Roles in Goat Production Management in Kano State, Nigeria

Tafida¹,

Olayinka²

2021

JASD

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The study analyzed gender roles in goat production management in some selected Local Government Areas of Kano State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 143 goat farmers. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, logit regression and Harvard analysis. The findings revealed the mean age of 44.3 years for men and 38.6 years for women with mean household size of 11 people for both genders and mean herd size of 12 and 11 goats for male and female, respectively. The findings further revealed that annual income (P>0.009), herd size (P>0.026) and extension contact (P>0.084) had positive influence to goat production activities among the male goat farmers while annual income (P>0.012) and herd size (P>0.029) had positive influence for goat production activities among the female goat farmers. However, the coefficient of household size (P>-0.082 and -0.200) was negative and significant for both male and female goat farmers, respectively. Harvard analysis reported that 76-100% male farmers were involved more on barn construction, fodder collection, medication and goat marketing; while female goat farmers were involved more on feeding and water provision as revealed by 76-100%. Both genders were involved in cleaning of barn; but male have more control over the resources in goat management. Pest and disease problem (70.1% and 68.2%), feed shortages (26% and 47%) and limited capital (29.9% and 34.8%) were the main constraints faced by goat farmers. The study concluded that goat production was not gender sensitive. It was recommended that goat farmers should be encouraged to form cooperatives and pool their resources together to facilitate easy access to credit, extension agencies need to extend their services to all goat farmers in respective of gender and the need for improvement in veterinary services to curtail the problem of pest and diseases.

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Gender issues in livestock production systems in Ethiopia: A literature review

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Using Community Conversations to explore animal welfare perceptions and practices of rural households in Ethiopia

Using Community Conversations to explore animal welfare perceptions and practices of rural households in Ethiopia

Challenging structures: gender transformative interventions by livestock CRP in Ethiopia

Analysis of Gender Roles in Goat Production Management in Kano State, Nigeria

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