Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Measure

Testa, Rylan J.; Habarth, Janice; Peta, Jayme; Balsam, Kimberly F.; Bockting, Walter

doi:10.1037/t39597-000

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…A recent systematic literature review of N = 77 studies reported higher general distress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, suicidality as well as exposure to trauma and substance abuse among LGBTQIA* individuals [ 20 ]. Further, in line with the Minority Stress Model [ 24 , 25 ], EU-LQBTI surveys reported high levels of discrimination in access to and experience with healthcare [ 48 , 49 ]. LGBTQIA* individuals experience numerous health disparities and poor mental health, especially in times of the COVID-19 pandemic [ 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These health disparities are understood to be consequences of minority stress due to social disadvantages, discrimination and stigmatization in all areas of life [ 22 , 23 ]. Conceptual frameworks, such as the Minority Stress Model, explain the association between discrimination, social stress, and mental health among LGBTQIA* communities [ 24 , 25 ] The Minority Stress Model postulates that individuals belonging to minoritized groups are exposed to unique stress related to their race, gender or sexual orientation. The model includes external distal minority stressors such as discrimination or exposure to violence as well as internal proximal minority stressors such as expectations of rejection or internalized stigma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model includes external distal minority stressors such as discrimination or exposure to violence as well as internal proximal minority stressors such as expectations of rejection or internalized stigma. As protective factors against minority stress, the model includes social support and community connectedness [ 20 , 24 , 25 ]. Over the last years, research on needs and mental health of LGBTQIA* is increasing [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Well-being during COVID-19 pandemic: A comparison of individuals with minoritized sexual and gender identities and cis-heterosexual individuals

et al. 2021

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Background Preliminary empirical data indicates a substantial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on well-being and mental health. Individuals with minoritized sexual and gender identities are at a higher risk of experiencing such negative changes in their well-being. The objective of this study was to compare levels of well-being among cis-heterosexual individuals and individuals with minoritized sexual and gender identities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Using data obtained in a cross-sectional online survey between April 20 to July 20, 2020 (N = 2332), we compared levels of well-being (WHO-5) across subgroups (cis-individuals with minoritized sexual identities, individuals with minoritized gender identities and cis-heterosexual individuals) applying univariate (two-sample t-test) and multivariate analysis (multivariate linear regression). Results Results indicate overall lower levels of well-being as well as lower levels of well-being in minoritized sexual or gender identities compared to cis-heterosexual individuals. Further, multivariate analyses revealed that living in urban communities as well as being in a relationship were positively associated with higher levels of well-being. Furthermore, a moderation analysis showed that being in a relationship reduces the difference between groups in terms of well-being. Conclusion Access to mental healthcare for individuals with minoritized sexual and gender identities as well as access to gender-affirming resources should be strengthened during COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare services with low barriers of access such as telehealth and online peer support groups should be made available, especially for vulnerable groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Well-being during COVID-19 pandemic: A comparison of individuals with minoritized sexual and gender identities and cis-heterosexual individuals

et al. 2021

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“…Moreover, our operationalization of minority stress experiences was constructed using the available measures for peer relations and trans hostile experience, leaving other aspects of proximal or distal minority stress like discrimination and non-affirmation behind [ 59 ]. Specific instruments such as the validated Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Measure [ 60 ] might offer more elaborated ways of assessing minority stress and should be considered for future research. However, instruments are mostly constructed for trans adults and adequate instruments for trans youth are lacking [ 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing body dissatisfaction and gender dysphoria in the context of minority stress among transgender adolescents

Brecht,

Bos,

Ries

et al. 2024

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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Background Gender dysphoria among transgender adolescents has predominantly been examined in relation to body dissatisfaction. While in adult transgender samples, body dissatisfaction is higher than in cisgender controls, this has so far rarely been investigated for adolescents. In the context of a cisnormative society, the impact of influences from the social environment on body dissatisfaction and gender dysphoria has been neglected in research. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) provide a detailed analysis of body dissatisfaction among young transgender people and (2) investigate whether body dissatisfaction and gender dysphoria are associated with experiences of minority stress such as trans hostility and poor peer relations (PPR). Methods The paper presents a cross-sectional study among a sample of transgender adolescents, presenting at a specialized outpatient counseling clinic (N = 99; age M = 15.36, SD = 1.85). First, body dissatisfaction (assessed by the Body-Image-Scale; BIS), was explored and compared to data from a population-based control group of cisgender peers (N = 527; age M = 14.43, SD = 0.97). Second, within a clinic-referred transgender subsample (n = 74), associations between body dissatisfaction and gender dysphoria (measured by Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale; UGDS), PPR (measured by the Youth-Self-Report; YSR-R), and trans hostile experiences (assessed in clinical interview) were examined by correlations, t-tests and multivariate regression. Results Transgender adolescents reported more body dissatisfaction than cisgender peers. The dissatisfaction with sex characteristics, non-hormonal reactive body regions and the total score for body dissatisfaction were positively related with gender dysphoria. The majority had experienced trans hostility in the present and/or past (54.1%) and PPR (63.5%). More body dissatisfaction was correlated with more PPR regarding visible body parts i.e., hair, overall appearance and muscles, whilst PPR and gender dysphoria were not associated. Transgender adolescents who experienced trans hostility showed higher gender dysphoria and PPR, but not more body dissatisfaction. In multiple regression, trans hostility predicted gender dysphoria, whilst age and PPR predicted body dissatisfaction. Discussion Experiences of minority-stress differentially interact with body dissatisfaction and gender dysphoria among transgender adolescents. Social correlates of body dissatisfaction and gender dysphoria must be considered when working with young transgender people.

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“…These measures are included in Table 3. [113,114] 6 Gender minority stress and resilience-rejection subscale [115] 20 Every day discrimination scale [116,117] Internalized stigma 7 Negative self-image HIV stigma scale, adapted [114] 4 Internalized homophobia scale-revised [118] Anticipated stigma 8 Anticipated HIV stigma scale, adapted [114,119] 20 Every day discrimination scale [116,117] Challenging stigma…”

Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing HIV Testing and Viral Suppression via Stigma Reduction in a Social Networking Mobile Health Intervention Among Black and Latinx Young Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex With Men (HealthMpowerment): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

Muessig¹,

Golinkoff²,

Hightow-Weidman³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BACKGROUND Stigma and discrimination related to sexuality, race, ethnicity, and HIV status negatively impact HIV testing, engagement in HIV care, and consistent viral suppression among young Black and Latinx men who have sex with men and transgender women who have sex with men (YBLMT). Few interventions have addressed the effects of intersectional stigma among youth living with HIV and those at-risk for HIV within the same virtual space. OBJECTIVE Building on the success of the HealthMpowerment mobile health (mHealth) intervention (HMP 1.0), and with the input of a youth advisory board, HMP 2.0 is an app-based intervention that promotes user-generated content and engagement to reduce intersectional stigma and elicit social support to improve HIV-related outcomes among YBLMT. The primary objective of this study is to test whether participants randomized to HMP 2.0 report improvement in HIV prevention and care continuum outcomes compared to an information-only control arm. We will also explore whether participant engagement, as measured by quantitative and qualitative paradata, mediates stigma- and HIV care-related outcomes. Finally, we will assess whether changes in intersectional stigma and improvements in HIV care continuum outcomes differ between the two HMP 2.0 intervention networks (researcher-driven vs. peer-referred) and examine the role of social network dynamics in shaping these differences. METHODS We will enroll 1,050 YBLMT ages 15-29 affected by HIV across the United States of America (US). Using an HIV-status stratified randomized trial design, participants will be randomly assigned into one of three app-based conditions (information-only app-based control arm, a researcher-created network arm of HMP 2.0, or a peer-referred network arm of HMP 2.0). Behavioral assessments will occur at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. For participants living with HIV, self-collected biomarkers (viral load) are scheduled for baseline, 6, and 12 months. For HIV-negative participants, up to three HIV self-testing kits will be available during the study period. RESULTS Research activities began in September 2018 and are ongoing. The University of Pennsylvania serves as the Central IRB of Record for this study (Penn Protocol #829805) and has approved the trial protocol and all study materials. Institutional reliance agreements have been established with the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Duke University, and SUNY Downstate. Study recruitment began July 20, 2020. Forty-nine participants have been enrolled as of September 1, 2020. CONCLUSIONS Among a large sample of US-based YBLMT, the current study will assess whether HMP 2.0, an app-based intervention designed to ameliorate stigma and its negative sequalae, can increase routine HIV testing among HIV-negative participants and consistent viral suppression among participants living with HIV. CLINICALTRIAL This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with record number: NCT03678181. The original record is available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT03678181 and archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/75FomRrBl

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Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Measure

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Well-being during COVID-19 pandemic: A comparison of individuals with minoritized sexual and gender identities and cis-heterosexual individuals

Well-being during COVID-19 pandemic: A comparison of individuals with minoritized sexual and gender identities and cis-heterosexual individuals

Analyzing body dissatisfaction and gender dysphoria in the context of minority stress among transgender adolescents

Increasing HIV Testing and Viral Suppression via Stigma Reduction in a Social Networking Mobile Health Intervention Among Black and Latinx Young Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex With Men (HealthMpowerment): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

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