Gender norms, contraceptive use, and intimate partner violence: A six-country analysis

Underwood, Carol; Casella, Albert; Hendrickson, Zoé Mistrale

doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2023.100815

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 34 publications

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“…The women who fail to fulfill these expectations and use contraception face serious consequences [14,20]. The consequences include intimate partner violence, separation, or divorce [21]. This study aimed at exploring the barriers to contraceptive use in humanitarian settings: challenges and opportunities for South Sudanese refugee women living in Adjumani district, Uganda.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to contraceptive use in humanitarian settings: Experiences of South Sudanese refugee women living in Adjumani district, Uganda; an exploratory qualitative study

Achola,

Atuyambe,

Nabiwemba

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Introduction Contraceptive use can be lifesaving, empowering and cost-effective for women and girls. Access to contraception is still challenging to female refugees due to several barriers including language, low educational level, lack of information, influence by family members, limited income, cultural and religious norms. This study explored barriers to contraceptive use among South Sudanese refugee women living in Adjumani district, Uganda. Methods An exploratory study design using qualitative methods were employed involving women of reproductive age (15–49 years). Purposive sampling was used to select participants for Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and In-depth Interviews (IDIs) from three settlements in Adjumani district. We conducted four FGDs, each consisting of 8 participants. We also conducted fourteen in-depth interviews (IDIs) with women of reproductive age. The IDI and FGD guides were translated into local languages before they were used to collect data. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated into English. Audio recordings were labeled before being translated back to English. Deductive, team-based coding was implemented, and a codebook developed. Transcripts were entered, and data coded using Atlas ti version 14. Data were analyzed using content analysis to produce the final outputs for the study. Results The study found several challenges to contraceptive use. These included gender dynamics, socially constructed myths on contraceptive use, cultural norms, limited knowledge about contraceptives, men’s negative attitudes, antagonism of contraceptive use by leaders and reprisal of women who use contraception. Conclusion The study concluded that there is need for community strategies to break down the barriers to contraception utilization among refugee women. Such strategies should involve men and women alongside gatekeepers to enhance sustainability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to contraceptive use in humanitarian settings: Experiences of South Sudanese refugee women living in Adjumani district, Uganda; an exploratory qualitative study

Achola,

Atuyambe,

Nabiwemba

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Attitudes Toward Wife Beating in Pakistan: Over-Time Comparative Trends by Gender

Raza,

Pals

2024

Violence Against Women

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We investigate the determinants and over time patterns of perceptions toward wife beating from 2012 to 2018 in Pakistan. We use two waves of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey that include ever-married women and men aged 15 to 49 (12,607 women and 3052 men in 2012 and 11,543 women and 3055 men in 2018). Education, employment, wealth, and region influence attitudes toward wife beating. While women are generally more tolerant toward wife beating than men, the presence of a family member during the interview further increased their tolerance toward wife beating. Wife beating support has increased over time among women whose interviews were overheard and men. Additionally, households with joint decision-making have a lower tolerance toward wife beating, even lower than households where the wife is the main decision-maker.

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Decision-making pathways for contraceptive use among refugee and host populations in Adjumani district, Uganda; an exploratory study

Achola,

Orach,

Nabiwemba

et al. 2024

BMC Women's Health

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Introduction Contraceptive use is known to have a positive impact on maternal and child health outcomes; however, its use is still low in low-income countries, especially among people in humanitarian situations. This study explored decision-making processes towards the use of contraceptives by people in humanitarian situations to inform program design and uptake. Methods A qualitative exploratory study was conducted among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) and men (15–60 years) living in three refugee settlements of Pagirinya, Nyumanzi, and Mirieyi and the surrounding host communities in Adjumani district, Uganda. Data were collected using 49 in-depth interviews (IDIs), 11 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs,) and 20 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Inductive thematic analysis was done with the aid of Atlas ti. Version 14. Results We found that the decision-making processes entailed linear and nonlinear internalized cognitive and contextual processes involving four dynamic pathways. In the linear pathway, participants reported starting with 1) idea inception, 2) followed by cognitive processing, 3) consultation, and 4) decision-making for contraceptive use. The complex linear pathway happened when participants did not go through consultation but went straight to decision-making. However, participants who followed the non-linear pathway repeatedly went back to cognitive processing. Some women after consultation, or those already using and those not using contraceptives, decided to go back to cognitive processing to reconsider their current positions. This study found that some women who were not using contraceptives ended up using, while some who were using contraception ended up dropping out. Conclusions This study showed dynamic decision-making processes involving both internal and external environments as triggers to decision-making for contraceptive use. Interventions to increase contraceptive use should target both users and significant others who influence the decision to use particularly among refugees. Trial registration This study was registered by Makerere University School of Public Health Higher Degrees Research and Ethic Committee (HDREC) #188 and approved by Uganda National Council of Science and Technology on 15th/7/2021, Registration number—SS809ES.

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Gender norms, contraceptive use, and intimate partner violence: A six-country analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Barriers to contraceptive use in humanitarian settings: Experiences of South Sudanese refugee women living in Adjumani district, Uganda; an exploratory qualitative study

Barriers to contraceptive use in humanitarian settings: Experiences of South Sudanese refugee women living in Adjumani district, Uganda; an exploratory qualitative study

Attitudes Toward Wife Beating in Pakistan: Over-Time Comparative Trends by Gender

Decision-making pathways for contraceptive use among refugee and host populations in Adjumani district, Uganda; an exploratory study

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