“…Following the narrative above, there have been extensive empirical research to provide insight on how women in leadership and gender diversity on boards is linked with issues such as cost of capital (Sarang et al , 2022), earnings management (Anh and Khuong, 2022; Mensah and Onumah, 2023), firm profitability (Luh and Kusi, 2023), intellectual capital efficiency (Sanyaolu et al , 2022), audit fee (Garcia-Blandon et al , 2023; Luh, 2024), audit quality (Saidu and Aifuwa, 2020; Koh et al , 2022) and firm stability/risk (Sattar et al , 2022; Menicucci and Paolucci, 2022a). In overall terms, what these studies have revealed is that gender diversity on boards and top executive management has implications for various organizational outcomes, which includes both financial and non-financial outcomes.…”