“…Pechtelidis, Kosma, and Chronaki (2015) described this process as a clever adaptation by women to the expectations of a male-dominated field, while at the same time maintaining traditional family roles. Many publications have shown that girls and women are less keen to work with a computer or to apply ICT programs or ICT instruments compared with boys and men (Volman & van Eck, 2001;Losh, 2004;Becker, 2006;Madigan et al, 2007;Kubiatko, 2010;Zhao et al, 2010;van Deursen & van Dijk, 2015). However, research (Bovée, Voogt, & Meelissen, 2007;Wang, Wu, & Wang, 2009;Verhoeven et al, 2010;De Wit et al, 2012) has also demonstrated that the gap between male and female actors is not common to all types of use of ICT applications and not in all countries (Spiezia, 2010), and that women (researchers) are more proficient in some ICT skills than men are (Chowdhury et al, 2011).…”