“…The problem with male students educational underperformance is not unique to Jamaica. In fact, this is a crisis that has gained increased attention in other parts of the world in the last two decades, as nations seek to understand and attempt to find answers as to why male students are under-participating and underachieving in school (Gosse & Arnocky, 2013;Gurian, 2010;Hartman, 2011;Hitchens, 2009;Kleinfeld & Andrews, 2006;Kleinfeld, 2009;Parry, 1997;Viadero, 2006;Whitmire, 2010;Younger & Warrington, 2008). This concern is not limited to underdeveloped, developing and poor countries such as Jamaica.…”