Gender Representation in Nepali Commercials

Abstract

This paper explores gender representation in visual media, especially in commercials broadcasted through various Nepali visual media. A content analysis of twenty-one commercials was done underpinning gender and feminist perspectives to explore gender representation in them. The advertisement samples were selected among some popular brands and the products of everyday use. The findings suggested reinforcement of traditional gender roles and reproduction of gender hierarchies by depicting men and women in traditionally specified roles, appearances, and concepts. Cooking, washing, and childcare were regarded as female jobs. More men were depicted in occupational roles and females were projected in relational roles. This research is based on the claim that biased gender representations in media sustain gender bias attitudes on viewers thus a careful selection of gender-neutral or counter-stereotypical content should be promoted.

Effective field theory analysis of 3He–α scattering data

“…Reference [19] reported measurements in nine energy bins, labeled in keV/u as 239, 291, 432, 586, 711, 873, 1196, 1441 and 1820. In each energy bin we have added an extra 1.8% [48] to the commonmode error provided in reference [19]. We will plot results at these energies, i.e., we do not separate results according to the small energy differences for the different interaction regions.…”

“…When we do so we introduce additional sampling parameters f 172 , f 246 , and f 298 , in order to account for possible common-mode errors in the Chuang data. Since reference [24] provides no information on common-mode errors we take the same, essentially uninformative, prior as equation (48) for each of these parameters.…”