Gender Role Orientation and Performance on Stereotypically Feminine and Masculine Cognitive Tasks

Ritter, Dominik

doi:10.1023/b:sers.0000023077.91248.f7

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Hypothesis 1 predicted that masculinity would be positively associated with greater mental rotation performance. As shown in Figure 1, most studies with female samples were in a direction consistent with this hypothesis with the exception of two studies: Gilger and Ho (1989) found no association, whereas Ritter (2004) found a weak negative association. The distribution of effect sizes across studies was heterogenous, Q(10) = 21.13, p = .020, I 2 = 52.67 indicating moderate variability across studies.…”

Section: Meta-analytic Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Gender-Role Differences in Spatial Ability: A Meta-Analytic Review

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although gender-related differences in highly gender typed cognitive abilities are of considerable interest to educators and cognitive researchers alike, relatively little progress has been made in understanding the psychological processes that lead to them. Nash (1979) proposed a sex-role mediation hypothesis for such differences, with particular emphasis on spatial ability. However, changes in gender equality and gender stereotypes in the decades since merit a re-examination of whether a gender-role association still holds (Feingold, 1988). A meta-analysis of 12 studies that examined gender-role identity and mental rotation performance was conducted. These included studies from the United Kingdom, Canada, Poland, Croatia, and the United States of America. The mean effect size for masculinity was r = .30 for men and r = .23 for women; no association was found between femininity and mental rotation. This effect size was slightly larger than that found previously by Signorella and Jamison (1986), and exceeds many other factors known to influence spatial ability. The implications of sex-role mediation of gender differences are discussed and future research directions are identified.

show abstract

Section: Meta-analytic Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Gender-Role Differences in Spatial Ability: A Meta-Analytic Review

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…22 Several reasons have been put forth to explain the effect of gender on standardized test performance, including the participants' perception of their gender roles and the perception of tasks as stereotypically masculine or feminine. 23 Performance gaps may also be due to gendered cues from the questions themselves. 20,23 McCullough's work indicates that women's inferior FCI performance may be due in part to a masculine context bias.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 Performance gaps may also be due to gendered cues from the questions themselves. 20,23 McCullough's work indicates that women's inferior FCI performance may be due in part to a masculine context bias. 20 We return to McCullough's work in Sec.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring gender differences with different gain calculations in astronomy and biology

Willoughby

Metz

2009

American Journal of Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To investigate differences in learning gains by gender, we collected data in large introductory astronomy and biology courses. Male astronomy students had significantly higher pre-and post-test scores than female students on the astronomy diagnostic test. Male students also had significantly higher pretest and somewhat higher post-test scores than female students on a survey instrument designed for an introductory biology course. For both courses, males had higher learning gains than female students only when the normalized gain measure was utilized. No differences were found with any other measures, including other gain calculations, overall course grades, or individual exams. Implications for using different learning gain measures in science classrooms, as well as for research on learning differences by gender are discussed.

show abstract

“…Even though self-esteem and tolerance for ambiguity both correlated significantly with gender role ideology, self-esteem was the only one that entered the regression equation, apparently because of the high correlation between the two traits. In recent decades the concepts of masculinity and femininity have been challenged (Ritter, 2004), and people with high self-esteem are less threatened by the changing definitions of gender roles in the family, at work, and in society. Thus, people with high self-esteem have more flexible attitudes toward gender roles and believe that tasks should be divided on the basis of an individual's competence or preference rather than on the basis of sex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Gender Role Ideology Among Husbands and Wives in Israel: A Comparative Analysis

Kulik

2004

Sex Roles

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, differences in gender role ideology among middle-aged husbands (n = 126) and wives (n = 126) in Israel were examined. In addition, the contribution of several sets of variables were tested to predict gender role ideology. The sets of variables were background variables (personal background, education/employment, family variables), personality traits (self-esteem, tolerance for ambiguity), spouse's gender role ideology, and life satisfaction. The findings indicate that husbands have more traditional gender role ideology than their wives, even though the correlations between spouses were moderate and significant. In addition, the variables were found to contribute more significantly to predicting the gender role ideology of wives than of husbands. For both partners, self-esteem was the most significant predictor. Moreover, one partner's gender role ideology was found to affect the other partner's ideology. Education/employment and some personal background variables were significant predictors of wives' gender role ideology, whereas life satisfaction predicted gender role ideology only for husbands.

show abstract

Gender Role Orientation and Performance on Stereotypically Feminine and Masculine Cognitive Tasks

Cited by 21 publications

References 50 publications

Gender-Role Differences in Spatial Ability: A Meta-Analytic Review

Gender-Role Differences in Spatial Ability: A Meta-Analytic Review

Exploring gender differences with different gain calculations in astronomy and biology

Predicting Gender Role Ideology Among Husbands and Wives in Israel: A Comparative Analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About