Gender-specific effects of trait anxiety on the cardiac defense response

López, Raúl Carbajal; Poy, Rosario; Segarra, Pilar Arnau i; Esteller, Àngels; Fonfría, Alicia; Ribes, Pablo; Ventura, Carlos E.; Moltó, Javier

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.014

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Currently few animal models of female social stress exist and in many cases do not allow for the direct comparison between males and females. Development of such a model is especially important as females are more sensitive to stress [ 93 , 94 ] and are more likely to develop depression [ 95 – 97 ] and stress-induced cardiovascular disturbances [ 98 , 99 ]. Therefore, continuing to validate this model in females will be an important advance in understanding the mechanisms involved in enhanced stress sensitivity in females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical versus psychological social stress in male rats reveals distinct cardiovascular, inflammatory and behavioral consequences

et al. 2017

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Repeated exposure to social stress can precipitate the development of psychosocial disorders including depression and comorbid cardiovascular disease. While a major component of social stress often encompasses physical interactions, purely psychological stressors (i.e. witnessing a traumatic event) also fall under the scope of social stress. The current study determined whether the acute stress response and susceptibility to stress-related consequences differed based on whether the stressor consisted of physical versus purely psychological social stress. Using a modified resident-intruder paradigm, male rats were either directly exposed to repeated social defeat stress (intruder) or witnessed a male rat being defeated. Cardiovascular parameters, behavioral anhedonia, and inflammatory cytokines in plasma and the stress-sensitive locus coeruleus were compared between intruder, witness, and control rats. Surprisingly intruders and witnesses exhibited nearly identical increases in mean arterial pressure and heart rate during acute and repeated stress exposures, yet only intruders exhibited stress-induced arrhythmias. Furthermore, re-exposure to the stress environment in the absence of the resident produced robust pressor and tachycardic responses in both stress conditions indicating the robust and enduring nature of social stress. In contrast, the long-term consequences of these stressors were distinct. Intruders were characterized by enhanced inflammatory sensitivity in plasma, while witnesses were characterized by the emergence of depressive-like anhedonia, transient increases in systolic blood pressure and plasma levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase. The current study highlights that while the acute cardiovascular responses to stress were identical between intruders and witnesses, these stressors produced distinct differences in the enduring consequences to stress, suggesting that witness stress may be more likely to produce long-term cardiovascular dysfunction and comorbid behavioral anhedonia while exposure to physical stressors may bias the system towards sensitivity to inflammatory disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical versus psychological social stress in male rats reveals distinct cardiovascular, inflammatory and behavioral consequences

et al. 2017

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“…De esta forma, el patrón de respuesta cardíaca de defensa representa una transición de la atención (orientación al estímulo) a la acción (respuesta hacia el estímulo). La primera aceleración/deceleración implica la fase atencional, mientras que la segunda aceleración/deceleración refleja la fase motivacional, preparando al Teniendo en cuenta este modelo, el segundo componente acelerativo -cuyo pico de máxima respuesta ocurre entre los 20 y 45 segundos posteriores a la presentación del estímulo intenso y aversivo-refleja la movilización de los recursos del organismo para dar una respuesta de afrontamiento, interpretándose como un buen indicador de la activación del sistema motivacional defensivo (López et al 2016). Esta segunda aceleración está inervada mayoritariamente por el sistema nervioso simpático, lo que nos permite tener información directa sobre la movilización de esfuerzos (a mayor activación del sistema nervioso simpático, mayor movilización de esfuerzo).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified