Gender-Specific Inverse Associations Between Beans Intake, Serum Urate Levels, and Hyperuricemia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Based on the Henan Rural Cohort Study

Abstract

Background and Aims: Beans are rich in purines, which are important substances that lead to elevated serum urate, especially exogenous purines. Few studies were conducted to assess the relationship between beans intake and serum urate or hyperuricemia, especially in rural people. The purpose of this study was to validate the association by gender in the rural Chinese population.Methods: A total of 38,855 participants aged 18–79 years old were enrolled from the Henan Rural Cohort Study (Registration number: ChiCTR-OOC-15006699). Dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Linear regression models and logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between beans intake and serum urate levels or hyperuricemia. Restricted cubic spline regression was performed to display the dose–response relationship.Results: In multivariate-adjusted linear regression, an inverse correlation was found between beans intake and serum urate level (the highest quartile Q4 vs. the bottom quartile Q1) in both men (P = 0.008) and women (P < 0.001). Per 10-g increment in beans intake was associated with 0.30 μmol/L decreased concentration of serum urate in men and 0.71 μmol/L in women. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of hyperuricemia were 0.83 (0.71, 0.97) in men and 0.73 (0.63, 0.84) in women (Q4 vs. Q1). Per 10-g increment in beans intake created a 1% decreased risk of hyperuricemia in men and 3% in women. The cubic spline suggested a risk reduction for hyperuricemia with increasing intake of beans.Conclusion: A higher beans intake was associated with a lower serum urate level and a reduced risk of hyperuricemia in both sexes, and the association was more pronounced in women.

Association between dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet and hyperuricemia among Chinese adults: findings from a nationwide representative study

“…High meat consumption, particularly red meat and seafood, have long been documented as a risk factor for HUA [ 10 ]. In contrast, higher soy food intake was found to be linked to lower serum uric acid levels in adults by a recent cross-sectional research conducted in Henan Province, China [ 36 ]. Previous studies have shown that although legumes are considered a purine-rich food, some special constituents such as phytic acid and polyphenols may have a beneficial influence on uric acid levels [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Relationships of beans intake with chronic kidney disease in rural adults: A large-scale cross-sectional study

“…Soy foods are an excellent source of essential nutrients, including proteins, soluble dietary fibers, unsaturated fatty acids, iron, and isoflavones, constituting bioactive components ( 29 ). Many studies have found beneficial effects of soy or beans consumption on multiple chronic metabolic health outcomes, including hypertension, diabetes, hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia ( 9 , 21 , 30 , 31 ), which are relevant risk factors of CKD. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the direct relationship between soy food/beans intake and CKD risk, and no large population-based epidemiologic studies have been conducted.…”

“…In particular, beans intake in this study was identified as the total consumption of all beans and products commonly eaten by local people, such as soybean, lentil, red bean, mung bean, black bean, pea, tofu, soy milk, dried tofu, vegetarian chicken, etc. ( 21 ). Furthermore, all participants were divided into four groups according to quartiles of daily total beans intake in the main analyses: Q1, beans intake <6.67 g/d; Q2, beans intake =6.68–16.67 g/d; Q3, beans intake =16.68–50 g/d; and Q4, beans intake >50 g/d.…”

“…A validated questionnaire was used for potential covariates to collect basic characteristics such as age, gender, education level, average monthly income, smoking status, drinking status, and meat and diet intake, as previously reported ( 21 ). Education level was classified into ≤primary, middle, and ≥ senior high school.…”

“…Among the rural population, beans and soybean products are more common compared to the animal-based dietary pattern of the urban population ( 21 ). Moreover, the prevalence of CKD has been as high as 16.40% in recent years ( 8 ).…”