Gender, Time Use, and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa

Blackden, C. Mark; Wodon, Quentin

doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-6561-8

Cited by 77 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…One possible explanation for the result's lack of statistical significance may lie in the possible confounding effects of age and sex composition of the members (see e.g. Blackden and Wodon, 2006). Studies show presence of more adult (vs. young) women (vs. men) to reduce a woman's hours of housework.…”

Section: Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Research shows that women household heads compared to non-heads face time shortage. For example, a review of work by Blackden and Wodon (2006) for sub-Saharan Africa found women household heads to face greater time constraints than do male heads or other women, especially if such women have no other adult women to help with housework. Although the negative coefficient on headship for the present paper does not appear to be in line with this evidence base, the result is not statistically significant.…”

Section: Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This under-representation of female labor market participation, and their disproportionate engagement in unpaid activities has been a major focus of past research (Bardasi and Wodon, 2010;Blackden and Wodon, 2006;Burchardt, 2008;Floro and Miles, 2001;Ilahi, 2000;Gammage, 2010;Ringhofer, 2015). Such studies have increasingly shown men"s increasing involvement in housework and the decreasing gender gap over time (Aassve, Fuochi and Mencarini, 2014;Beaujot, 2001;Craig, 2006;Sullivan, Billari and Altintas, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resources, Time and Gender: Determinants of Women's Housework in Bahir Dar and nearby Rural Villages, Northwest Ethiopia

Getahun¹

2019

Eth. J. Soc. Sci. Hum.

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Women's disproportionate engagement in housework and its determinants has been relatively well studied in the developed countries. There is, however, a serious lack of such research for less developed countries. Unless the barriers to women's participation in development efforts are understood and addressed, poverty reduction programs may not succeed. This paper used data from a household survey of 502 married women to analyze determinants of women's hours of housework in light of available theories and employing a multivariate hierarchical linear regression model. Results show that, in line with theory and past research, time availability (measured as women's employment status) and resources or bargaining power (measured as years of schooling and loan receipt status), and gender ideology/display (measured as traditional gender perception/practice) have statistically significant negative associations with a woman's housework time. Similarly, traditional gender perception/practice as a measure of gender ideology/display has the expected positive association with a woman's housework time, despite the weaker statistical significance level. Also, among control variables, housework and non-housework performed by other members, number of young children, and household asset values have the expected associations to women's hours of housework. National strategies aiming at poverty reduction may need to pay more attention to educate women, help them overcome shortage of working capital, and improve employment opportunities since these may also empower women and thereby minimize traditional gender ideology/display and having too many young children.

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Section: Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resources, Time and Gender: Determinants of Women's Housework in Bahir Dar and nearby Rural Villages, Northwest Ethiopia

Getahun¹

2019

Eth. J. Soc. Sci. Hum.

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“…Time use data are important for analysing how individuals within a household allocate their time to different activities. It is also important for assessing how time poverty-the burden of competing demands on an individual's time (Hirway, 2010)-may require them to make trade-offs between so-called productive (paid) and reproductive (e.g., domestic tasks and childcare) activities that may affect their own or their children's well-being in different ways (Blackden & Wodon, 2006;Johnston et al, 2015;Stevano et al, 2018). Recent work examining time use as an agriculture-nutrition pathway in LMICs finds that women play an important role in agriculture, as reflected in their commitments to agricultural activities, whether as farm workers or as farmers Stevano et al, 2018), and that women are important actors in the uptake of and response to agricultural interventions (Johnston et al, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it shows that the gendered ways in which time is apportioned can be influenced by factors such as marital status, seasonality, access to social services, technology, infrastructure and, particularly, socio-cultural norms that underpin gendered divisions of labour, which may interact in different ways depending on the historical, political, cultural and economic context (Johnston et al, 2015;Komatsu, Malapit, & Theis, 2015). To date, data have indicated that, generally, women work more total hours than men when time spent on reproductive activities is taken into consideration (Apps, 2003;Blackden & Wodon, 2006;FAO, 2009;Ilahi & Bank, 2000;World Bank, 2001). In addition, whereas men often perform tasks sequentially, women often perform productive and reproductive work at the same time, facing stricter trade-offs between these activities or between different kinds of productive activities (Blackden & Wodon, 2006;Johnston et al, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition‐sensitive agriculture programme impacts on time use and associations with nutrition outcomes

Bold

Bliznashka

Ramani

et al. 2020

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Success of nutrition-sensitive agriculture programmes targeted to women may be influenced by increased demands on women's and other household members' time and by time-related trade-offs to accommodate programme participation. However, evidence of how such programmes impact time use and whether changes in timerelated demands negatively influence maternal or child health and nutrition outcomes is limited. This paper examines the impact of Helen Keller International's Enhanced Homestead Food Production programme in Burkina Faso (2010-2012) on women's and men's time use and associations between changes in women's time use and maternal and child health and nutrition outcomes. We used quantitative data from a cluster-randomized controlled trial (baseline 2010, endline 2012) and qualitative data from two rounds of process evaluation (2011, 2012). Two-stage analyses were used to first assess programme impacts on women's and men's time use using differencein-difference impact estimates and second to evaluate whether programme impacts on women's time use were associated with changes in women's and children's health and nutrition outcomes. Programme impacts were considered significant if corrected P < 0.01, and associations were considered significant if p < 0.05 and p < 0.01. Qualitative data were analysed through manual coding and by calculating the means and standard deviations for the time spent by women and men on activities in intervention and control groups. Findings show that the programme significantly increased the amount of time women spent on agriculture in the intervention compared to the control group, but this was not associated with changes in maternal or child health or nutrition outcomes. Process evaluation data supported these findings. K E Y W O R D S agriculture, Burkina Faso, children, nutrition, time use, women's health 1 | INTRODUCTION There is a growing interest in understanding how nutrition-sensitive agriculture programmes in lower-and middle-income countries (LMICs) affect maternal and child health and nutrition outcomes. These programmes are posited to reduce maternal and child undernutrition through multiple pathways, such as food intake, income, price dynamics and women's participation in agriculture (Ruel & Alderman, 2013; Ruel,

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Contributions of biomass/solid fuel burning to blood pressure modification in women: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Dillon

Webster

Bisesi

2021

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives: Approximately 2½ billion people worldwide rely on solid/biomass fuel as fuel for cooking/heating the home. Environmental exposure to the smoke associated with biomass fuel burning has been associated respiratory diseases, cardiac disorders, and altered blood pressure. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to study this relationship across multiple studies. Methods: Searches were performed using PRISMA guidelines for articles using Web of Science, PubMed, Toxline, and Web of Science of peer reviewed papers with no beginning time restriction until February 2017. The search yielded 10 manuscripts after application of inclusion criteria, which encompassed 93 724 participants. Outcomes included (a) the proportion of people with a clinical diagnosis of hypertension in an exposed (vs. unexposed) population or (b) correlation coefficients examining degree of exposure and systolic/diastolic blood pressure. Results:The four studies reporting effect sizes for hypertension (N = 92 042) had a weighted mean effect size of r = .12 [−0.02, 0.27], z = 1.66, p = 0.097. The six studies reporting effect sizes for systolic and diastolic blood pressure (N = 1682) had weighted mean effect sizes of r = .15 [0.06, 0.24], p = 0.001, and r = .09 [0.03, 0.15], p = 0.002, respectively. Conclusion:These analyses revealed that there is a small-but-significant relationship between biomass fuel exposure and an increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but the relationship between biomass fuel and hypertension specifically remains unclear.

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Gender, Time Use, and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 77 publications

References 20 publications

Resources, Time and Gender: Determinants of Women's Housework in Bahir Dar and nearby Rural Villages, Northwest Ethiopia

Resources, Time and Gender: Determinants of Women's Housework in Bahir Dar and nearby Rural Villages, Northwest Ethiopia

Nutrition‐sensitive agriculture programme impacts on time use and associations with nutrition outcomes

Contributions of biomass/solid fuel burning to blood pressure modification in women: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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