Gender wage inequality during Sri Lanka’s post-reform growth: A distributional analysis

Seneviratne, Prathi

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104878

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The empirical finding shows that industry work history as a whole does not significantly contribute to earnings differences. Furthermore, Seneviratne (2020), investigates gender wage inequality in Sri Lanka during 1992–2014. Evidence from the analysis shows that between men and women, the gap in mean wages decreased steadily over this period and the unconditional quantile regression reveals that due to improvements in women's observable human capital, the decline in gender wage inequality was driven by the upper half of the distribution.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of gender wage gap and the Nigerian labour market: a new empirical evidence

Orji,

Nwosu

2023

IJM

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PurposeThis study investigated the gender wage gap in Nigeria by analysing two waves of household surveys (in 2003–2004 and 2018–2019) in order to understand the dynamics or polarisation of the labour market in Nigeria in terms of the gender wage gap over time.Design/methodology/approachThe study applied an extension of Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition that relies on the re-centred influence function (RIF) regressions to analyse the gender wage gap at all points along the wage distribution.FindingsThe results unambiguously show that there is a significant gender wage gap in Nigeria at all points along the wage distribution, such that for the two surveys used and after nearly two decades, men still earn more than women. That is, the log wage difference between males and females is statistically significant at all points between the 10th and the 90th quantiles. In 2003–2004 period, the authors found that most of the wage difference was significantly accounted for by the wage structure effect, whilst the composition effect was negative and only significant at the bottom of the wage distribution. Since the 2018–2019 period, the authors found that there has been a visible change such that most of the gender wage gap is now accounted for by the composition effect at all points along the wage distribution. Another interesting finding is that there has been a general decline in the gender wage gap along the entire wage distribution, such that inequality was higher in 2003–2004 than in 2018–2019. This decline is bigger at the top than at the bottom of the wage distribution. The authors also found that, contrary to some of the studies on the wage gap, the raw gaps for the two surveys appear to show inverted U-shape, but the gap has fallen quickly since the 2018–2019 period. Thus, the authors found strong evidence of a “sticky floor” compared to a “glass ceiling” effect in both periods, and this becomes more pronounced over time. In terms of the contributions of individual covariates on gender pay gap in Nigeria, the authors found that urban residence, unionisation, education and occupation variables exhibit major influence. However, the effects of covariates on the composition and wage structure components of the wage gap have changed over time.Practical implicationsThe major policy implication of these findings is that to address the gender wage gap in Nigeria, policy should focus more on how labour is rewarded and improving human capital for women.Originality/valueThis study is a novel paper in Nigeria that has investigated the gender wage gap in Nigeria by extending the focus of literature in three ways. First, the authors applied an extension of Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition that relies on the RIF regressions to analyse the gender wage gap at all points along the wage distribution. Second, the authors used sample selection bias to account for the non-randomness of participation in wage employment. And third, the authors applied similar analysis to two waves of household surveys (in 2003/2004 and 2018/2019) in order to understand the dynamics or polarisation of the labour market in Nigeria in terms of the gender wage gap over time.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of gender wage gap and the Nigerian labour market: a new empirical evidence

Orji,

Nwosu

2023

IJM

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“…Men and women are usually affected to different degrees by the wage structure, especially where boundary-determining factors such as the minimum wage are important (Ganguli & Terrell, 2006). In the past, for a woman to earn money by working was perceived as a negative signal about the economic situation of her family (Seneviratne, 2020). Since the 1980s, there have been huge increases in income inequality in many industrialized countries (Fortin et al, 2017).…”

Section: Inequality In Wagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s Employment in Aviation: The Case of United States (Usa)

ÇAĞLAR,

GÜMÜŞ,

EKİCİ

et al. 2023

EKEV Akademi Dergisi

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Employment is a really serious issue in that it can create an economic disruption if it is not dealt with correctly. The wrong solution for employment causes similar results. For this reason, it is important for both the economies of the country and the sector in question to solve the employment problem completely and correctly. In this context, an employment policy should be produced for the aviation sector as well as others. Employment policies should be determined in such a way that both the labour force and qualification need to increase. However, these policies should be in the direction of improving existing policies rather than a radical change. For instance, women’s employment is available in many economies. Therefore, this policy should not be radically changed; on the contrary, it should be in the form of improving existing policies. Within this scope, ignoring women while forming employment policy may have several economic and financial consequences. However, certain factors affect women's employment. These factors can be expressed as follows: the glass ceiling syndrome, the queen bee syndrome, marital status and age, educational status, mobbing and sexual harassment, and wage inequality. In this study, women's employment data are extracted from the USA labour force statistics. The data were subjected to evaluation by the content analysis method. With this method, lots of the data and information independent of one another are examined deeply. By this way general trends can be determined clearly. Therefore, the data in this study are examined within the scope of labour economics. This study concludes that women's employment in the USA aviation market follows a positive course, but this is not enough. To eliminate the insufficiency, a number of economic and financial proposals need to be implemented.

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“…En cuanto a las brechas salariales por género en el continente Asiático, específicamente en Sri Lanka, la disparidad obtenida dentro de este país presenta una disminución progresiva, debido a la existencia de políticas liberales (Seneviratne, 2020). Recíprocamente, las brechas salariales en Corea del Sur a lo largo de los años han experimentado una reducción de disparidad, ya que dejó de ser una economía emergente, a ser una economía avanzada (Tromp, 2019).…”

Section: Continente Asiáticounclassified

Impacto de la escolaridad en las brechas salariales por género en Ecuador durante 2010-2020

Guillen

Ortíz

2022

adgnosis

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A nivel mundial, las brechas salariales por género son muy latentes, donde las mujeres siguen siendo las más afectadas por percibir salarios inferiores al de los hombres e incluso con iguales características laborales. El objetivo de esta investigación se centró en determinar el efecto de la escolaridad en las brechas salariales por género en las 24 provincias del Ecuador durante 2010-2020. Los datos fueron recopilados de la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo (ENEMDU) del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos [INEC] (2021). Se empleó como proceso econométrico el método de OaxacaBlinder (1973) y el Propensity Score Matching (PSM). Los resultados obtenidos indican que existe una relación directa entre los ingresos y el nivel académico; y, una relación indirecta entre los salarios y la experiencia. Por otra parte, mediante la descomposición salarial se pudo constatar la existencia de discriminación salarial en contra del género femenino. Así mismo, el emparejamiento por puntaje nos indicó que el nivel académico si tiene efecto contractivo sobre las brechas salariales. Con los resultados obtenidos, se recomienda a los hacedores de política incentivar una mayor participación de las mujeres en cargos administrativos, a través de regulaciones de funcionamientos, acuerdos estratégicos y cooperación públicos privados, siendo un coadyuvante en la disminución de la desigualdad de género.

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Gender wage inequality during Sri Lanka’s post-reform growth: A distributional analysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 61 publications

Analysis of gender wage gap and the Nigerian labour market: a new empirical evidence

Analysis of gender wage gap and the Nigerian labour market: a new empirical evidence

Women’s Employment in Aviation: The Case of United States (Usa)

Impacto de la escolaridad en las brechas salariales por género en Ecuador durante 2010-2020

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