Gendered Elements of the Alternative Agriculture Paradigm

Chiappe, Marta; Flora, C. B.

doi:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1998.tb00684.x

Cited by 99 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There is a lack of literature addressing how the gender of principal farm operators affects the decision to sell agricultural products at a wholesale market. However, there is evidence indicating that female farmers have a greater reliance on direct marketing channels (Chiappe and Flora 1998;Park 2015). Similar to Gong et al (2006) and Nyaupane and Gillespie (2011), an influence of the farmers' education level on marketing channel selection was also found in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversification of marketing strategies among small farms: empirical evidence from family farms in Taiwan

Liao¹,

Hung-Hao²,

He³

et al. 2017

AGR ECON-CZECH

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Farm marketing has been recognized as an important factor for a successful farm business. Due to the increasing interest of consumers in food safety, direct marketing of farm products to consumers in the local farmers' markets has become very popular. Compared to traditional farm marketing channels, relatively little is known about the use of direct-to--consumer marketing strategies by farmers. Th is paper aims to provide a more comprehensive picture of farmers' choices among available farm marketing channels using the case study of Taiwan. Using a population-based survey of 5600 family farms in Taiwan in 2014, in this study we quantify the extent to which demographic characteristics of farm operators, farm production and family conditions may infl uence the decision of farms to sell farm products to the government, wholesale markets, and in direct-to-consumer sales. We develop a trivariate probit model, and our results indicate that education level and engagement in the off -farm labour market of farm operators, the number of household members, farm size, land ownership, and the type of farm are the key factors in determining farmers' choice of marketing channels. Th e fi ndings of this study may have important implications for the design of more eff ective farm marketing programs by agricultural authorities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversification of marketing strategies among small farms: empirical evidence from family farms in Taiwan

Liao¹,

Hung-Hao²,

He³

et al. 2017

AGR ECON-CZECH

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“…Surveys of the wider female farm population have found women emphasize not only the environmental and economic benefits of sustainable agriculture, but are also more likely to emphasize the link between agriculture and community sustainability and well-being (Chiappe & Flora, 1998;Feldman & Welsh, 1995;Trauger, 2004;Trauger, Sachs, Barbercheck, Kiernan, Brasier, & Findeis, 2008). Some of these gendered values have been correlated with specific farm structures, including the prevalence of, and preference for, cooperative farm markets, direct marketing, value-adding, and craft development among women operators as opposed to large-scale commodity agriculture activities.…”

Section: Gender and Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been considerable interest in understanding the gendered dimension of farm adaptation and production strategies particularly as it relates to alternative agriculture (Chiappe & Flora, 1998;Feldman & Welsh, 1995;Sachs, 1996;Wells and Gradwell, 2001). Surveys of the wider female farm population have found women emphasize not only the environmental and economic benefits of sustainable agriculture, but are also more likely to emphasize the link between agriculture and community sustainability and well-being (Chiappe & Flora, 1998;Feldman & Welsh, 1995;Trauger, 2004;Trauger, Sachs, Barbercheck, Kiernan, Brasier, & Findeis, 2008).…”

Section: Gender and Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farm Adaptation at the Rural-Urban Interface

Inwood

Clark

2013

JAFSCD

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Despite population growth and development at the rural-urban interface (RUI), agriculture continues to persist there. This resilience is partially a reflection of land use policies and market support programs designed to protect farm and ranch land that is vulnerable to nonfarm development. Studies examining the RUI primarily focus on the diversity of production and markets and do not discuss the diversity of operators. As the farmland protection and food systems movements continue to refine policy objectives and decide how to allocate scarce resources, it is critical to have up-to-date statistics on the health and vitality of agriculture at the RUI. Using the 2007 Census of Agriculture statistics, we examine (1) the spatial distribution by county of high-value production and marketing practices assumed to play a role in the persistence and vitality of agriculture at the RUI; and (2) the demographic characteristics of farmers in these counties. We find that only some types of highvalue production and marketing systems are more prevalent in metropolitan regions, including horses, nursery-greenhouse, and direct sales, while organic production, recreation sales, CSA farms, and valueadded farms are more likely to be concentrated in nonmetropolitan counties. We also find that farmers at the RUI are extremely diverse and that a substantial number of beginning and women farmers are found in nonmetropolitan counties, along with a small but notable number of African American, Hispanic and Native American farmers.

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“…However, despite increasing attention to issues of inequality in AFNs, gender inequality, particularly in the sphere of consumption, has received limited attention. A number of studies have examined women's roles in farming households (Whatmore 1991;Lobao and Meyer 1995;Sachs 1996;Meares 1997;Chiappe and Flora 1998;Trauger 2004;Cairns et al 2010). This literature documents the multiple roles women play in farming households, focusing on the flexibility of women's labor, and the persistence of traditional gender roles both in farming and household tasks.…”

Section: Alternative Food Network and Inequalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative food networks and food provisioning as a gendered act

Castellano

2014

Agric Hum Values

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Alternative food networks (AFNs) are exemplified by organic, Fair Trade and local foods, and promote forms of food provisioning that are 'corrective' to conventional agriculture and food (agrifood) systems. Despite enthusiasm for AFNs, scholars have increasingly interrogated whether inequalities are perpetuated by AFNs. Reproduction of gender inequality in AFNs, particularly at the level of consumption, has often been left empirically unexamined, however. This is problematic given that women continue to be predominantly responsible for food provisioning in the U.S., and that this responsibility can lead to negative physical, psychological and social outcomes. Using quantitative methods and data from the 2012 Ohio Survey of Food, Agriculture, and Environmental Issues, this paper examines the extent to which gender inequality in the division of labor is reproduced in AFNs by focusing on the potential persistence of gender inequality in food provisioning among AFN participants. Findings suggest that among AFN participants, particularly those utilizing local food systems, women, compared to men, remain predominantly responsible for food provisioning, spend more time in food provisioning, and engage in more food provisioning from scratch. This research confirms that food provisioning remains a gendered act amongst AFN participants, calling attention to the persistence of gender inequality in AFNs. The paper concludes by suggesting that AFNs are positioned as a place to create change, albeit small scale, in the gendered division of household labor in the U.S., and provides some practical suggestions for how this might occur.

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Gendered Elements of the Alternative Agriculture Paradigm

Cited by 99 publications

References 26 publications

Diversification of marketing strategies among small farms: empirical evidence from family farms in Taiwan

Diversification of marketing strategies among small farms: empirical evidence from family farms in Taiwan

Farm Adaptation at the Rural-Urban Interface

Alternative food networks and food provisioning as a gendered act

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