Gendered Experiences of Poverty and Recognition in the Finnish Welfare State

Isola, Anna-Maria; Siukola, Reetta; Kukkonen, Minna

doi:10.1080/08038740.2019.1604570

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A number of studies (e.g. Isola, Turunen, and Hiilamo 2016;Isola, Siukola, and Kukkonen 2019) have found that people living in prolonged poverty experience a sense of worthlessness and a lack of meaningfulness. These studies also show that in such a situation people do not try to influence their environment.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Experiences of Social Inclusion Scale

Leemann

Martelin

Koskinen

et al. 2021

Journal of Human Development and Capabilities

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In recent years, a growing body of literature on social inclusion on an individual level has emerged. Yet, there is no common understanding of the concept itself and how to measure it. The objective of this study was to document the development of the Experiences of Social Inclusion Scale (ESIS), including the theoretical framework used for this purpose, which draws strongly on the capability approach. The ESIS is a brief closed survey instrument to assess self-reported experiences of social inclusion, and the aim was to evaluate its psychometric properties. The sample used for this consisted of 847 adults aged 18-87 years from all over Finland, most of them affected by or at immediate risk of social exclusion. The results indicated good internal reliability and consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89). Furthermore, factor analyses suggested a one-dimensional factor structure for the ten items of the ESIS. The mean score on the ESIS was not statistically significantly different between male and female respondents, whereas a weak positive association with age and statistically significant differences for experiences of poverty were found. Analyses for convergent validity showed that the ESIS was statistically significantly associated with instruments measuring related concepts. All correlations were in the expected direction and rather substantial in magnitude but did not indicate that the same construct was being measured (r = .409 to r = .678). These promising results indicate a broad applicability of the ESIS in self-administered questionnaires, and its use in future research is encouraged.

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Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Experiences of Social Inclusion Scale

Leemann

Martelin

Koskinen

et al. 2021

Journal of Human Development and Capabilities

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“…It reduces participation in meaning-making processes, shared activities, and public discussions. Even in a developed welfare state, prolonged poverty pervasively and fundamentally prevents levelling up to a mode of action in which recognition would be shared in self-determined participation in public activities (Isola, Siukola, & Kukkonen, 2019;Laitinen, 2011, pp. 328-333).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We learned about gendered poverty experiences from previous studies that poor men plan their future for only a short period or lack a future orientation entirely. Men also experience more profound feelings of worthlessness than women do (Hansen, 2018;Isola, Siukola, & Kukkonen, 2019). Third, we have made the abstractions of the findings, being aware that they may not include some aspects of the broad spectrum of experiences and that there are some exceptions that the material also includes that we have not covered in this study.…”

Section: The Longitudinal Narrative Research Setting Materials Information: Features Choices and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On social and psychological consequences of prolonged poverty–A longitudinal narrative study from Finland

Isola

Virrankari

Hiilamo

2021

J. Soc. Polit. Psych.

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By means of qualitative longitudinal material, this article explores meaningfulness during persistent monetary poverty through an integrative framework, which builds upon conceptualisations of meaning in life (coherence, significance, and purpose) and modes of being (labour, work, action). The material consists of 36 autobiographical accounts and their follow-up accounts from 2006 and 2012. The analysis reveals that in the developed welfare state of Finland, prolonged monetary poverty is connected with the propensity for incoherence and a feeling of insignificance, particularly if life is governed by a vicious cycle of scarcity. Prolonged poverty 1) turns aspirations from long-term to short-term goals and frames life as something characterised by negative anticipation and a circular sense of time. Life primarily takes place in private space. It also 2) weakens the sense of belonging and 3) reduces public participation. These are the domains where the meaning in life is constructed, deconstructed, and reconstructed. In a developed welfare state, the comprehensive and manageable social security scheme maintains coherence, yet universal social policy actions that enable participation in public activities nourish a sense of significance.

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“…Men's role in the gender contract is seen as being tied to work, money and markets whereas women have more means of attaining a sense of worth outside the economic realm. (Isola et al 2019. ) Boys can adopt these norms already early on and the lack of economic resources can thus lead to stigmatization and self-esteem problems, which again can reflect on general wellbeing and school work.…”

Section: Parental Poverty and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender matters: family background and upper secondary education in Finland

Hautala

Kallio

2021

Journal of Poverty and Social Justice

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The intergenerational transmission of education and social position is a widely studied topic, but measurement of the significance of gender in this subject has received less attention. We study gender differences in the effect of parental disadvantage on the probability of a child completing upper secondary education in Finland. We use high-quality register data, collected by Statistics Finland. The data are clustered according to families that includes information on both children and their parents. The data consist of a 25 per cent sample of persons born in Finland between 1980 and 1986 (n=157,135). The data are analysed using sibling methods using random-effects linear probability models. The analyses are run separately for daughters and sons. With the exception of parental unemployment, all the indicators measuring disadvantaged parental background are significantly more strongly connected to the probability of sons than the probability of daughters completing upper secondary education. Father’s unemployment is a stronger predictor of the child’s probability of completing upper secondary education than unemployment of the mother. The mother’s educational level predicts a child’s probability of completing upper secondary education more strongly than the educational level of the father. Both mothers’ and fathers’ educational levels have a significantly stronger correlation with sons’ than daughters’ completion of upper secondary education. Equality of opportunity seems to be achieved better among girls than among boys. It might be the case, that the educational system, as one of the most important paths for achieving superior social status to one’s parents, does not treat girls and boys equally. Were this so, it would be especially important to pay more attention to boys’ school readiness and school wellbeing, especially in socioeconomically disadvantageous areas.

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Gendered Experiences of Poverty and Recognition in the Finnish Welfare State

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Experiences of Social Inclusion Scale

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Experiences of Social Inclusion Scale

On social and psychological consequences of prolonged poverty–A longitudinal narrative study from Finland

Gender matters: family background and upper secondary education in Finland

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