Gendered Migrations and Global Social Reproduction

Kofman, Eléonore; Raghuram, Parvati

doi:10.1057/9781137510143

Cited by 233 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 350 publications

(540 reference statements)

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“…The World Health Organization (2006) estimated that the world faces a shortage of almost 4.3 million doctors, midwives, nurses, and other health care professionals. As a result, the demand for outpatient care in homes has grown in recent years, leading migrant domestic workers to take on many care-related functions (Kofman and Raghuram 2013) such as administering drugs, bathing the elderly, and taking their blood pressure.…”

Section: Migration Domestic Work and Home-based Care: Making The Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Safeguarding the Rights of Asian Migrant Workers from Home to the Workplace

2017

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International migration of workers is growing. The global economic slowdown of the late 2000s and the early 2010s put a brake on employment opportunities in many countries across the world, and the crisis is not fully behind us. Nonetheless, the number of labor migrants is still increasing, and this publication shows that 2015 may well be a peak year for labor migration from Asian countries, both within the region and toward OECD countries outside of Asia. Neither political shifts nor persistent low oil prices have yet put a dent in the legal movement of Asian workers to employment in other countries.These large-scale flows are nothing new, yet policies are in flux, both for the management of labor migration and for the protection of migrant workers. Asian countries are making constant adjustments to their policies to better match the flows of migrant workers to the needs of their countries, to protect migrant workers, and to strengthen compliance mechanisms.There is increasing attention to migrant workers in multilateral frameworks. Two of the UN Sustainable Development Goals targets relate directly to the need to lower costs borne by migrant workers, especially those who leave their families to support them by working temporarily abroad. There has been a growing focus on fair recruitment practices-those which do not charge fees and related costs to migrants and allow them to keep a greater share of their earnings.Another important issue in protecting workers is to ensure that they are not exploited at the workplace, and this extends equally to those who are undocumented. The publication provides evidence on the extent of irregular migration in Asia. Reducing irregular migration requires a comprehensive approach, and cannot be limited to immigration enforcement measures only. The need to improve labor protections for all workers can be matched with mechanisms to ensure that legal matching between workers and employers can occur without exorbitant costs, and that appropriate channels are in place for orderly and safe migration.One of the most vulnerable groups of labor migrants are women working in domestic work and home-based care work, particularly since their work is often not recognized as real work with economic value, and as they work in isolation in the household of employers. The chapter in this year's publication highlights the importance of gender responsiveness in managing labor migration and in developing policies to protect all migrant workers.Since 2011, the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have organized an annual Roundtable on Labor Migration in Asia. Since 2013, the International Labour Organisation (ILO) has also participated, and the three organizations have put together an annual report on the themes of the roundtable. The February 2016 event, held in Tokyo, focused on Safeguarding Labor Migrants from Home to Workplace. The question of how best to ensure that migrants are not subject to harm as they move abro...

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Section: Migration Domestic Work and Home-based Care: Making The Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Safeguarding the Rights of Asian Migrant Workers from Home to the Workplace

2017

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“…The commodification of care services, whether catering for young children or elderly relatives, has rapidly expanded (Kofman and Raghuram 2015), and women, at least those in the working and middle classes, have been expected and encouraged to engage with paid employment alongside caring for family members. The values of earning an income is an inscription of ideal feminine citizenship in the west, in which 'modern' women are expected to be self-reliant, independent and contributing financially, as well as through domestic and emotional labour, to the well-being of their families.…”

Section: Mariam (Pakistan)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural values, moral sentiments and the fashioning of gendered migrant identities

Morrice

2016

Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies

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The promotion of British cultural values to which all citizens can and should sign up to has taken on unprecedented urgency and momentum in political and public discourses. This paper explores the meanings and values attached to contemporary forms of Britishness from the perspective of migrant refugee women, and outlines the conflicting interpretations and expectations of different projects of feminine citizenship. Drawing on empirical research it suggests that gendered migrant identities and values are formed and performed in relation to real and imagined understanding of British (white) heterosexual women and can be seen, at least in part, as asserting moral value and distinctiveness. The women invoked migrant cultural pride in the form of caring, community, close family ties and heterosexuality to claim recognition and resist the lack of moral value ascribed to migrant identities. However, this is achieved through a re-inscription of gender identities in which heterosexuality and sexual restraint become technologies of regulation and control.ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Even if they have legally recognized status, the state institutions programmatically count upon and construct migrant women as a group for low-paid hired domestic care and work which reproduces and fortifies inequalities in salaries between citizens and non-citizens. 6 In this regime migrant workers are to a greater extent vulnerable to exploitation and human rights abuse (Kofman, Raghuram, 2015). The International Labour Organization has long pointed out the insufficient protection of domestic workers.…”

Section: Double Misrecognition Of Domestic Work and Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Social bias within the institution of hired domestic care: global interactions and migration

Uhde

2016

Civitas

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Abstract:The paper presents a critical analysis of the institution of hired domestic care in the context of global capitalism. The author starts with outlining the context of late modern society in the European and Anglo-American regions in which global inequalities and intensive enlargement of capitalism bolster a market model of care and consequently also the institution of hired domestic care which increasingly involves migrants. From the perspective of Critical theory she analyses the possible variations of relationships between domestic worker and employer within the institution of hired domestic care. And she concludes that the institution of hired domestic care necessarily involves social bias which reproduces social inequalities as well as traditional gendered division of labour and institutionalised servitude. Resumo: O artigo apresenta uma análise crítica da instituição da cuidado doméstico contratado no contexto do capitalismo global. A autora começa por esboçar o contexto da sociedade moderna tardia nas regiões europeias e anglo-americanas em que as desigualdades globais e o aumento intensivo do capitalismo reforçam um modelo de mercado de cuidados e, consequentemente, também a instituição de cuidados domésticos contratados que cada vez mais envolve migrantes. Do ponto de vista da teoria crítica, ela analisa as possíveis variações das relações entre trabalhador doméstico e empregador dentro da instituição de cuidado doméstico contratado. E ela

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Gendered Migrations and Global Social Reproduction

Cited by 233 publications

References 350 publications

Safeguarding the Rights of Asian Migrant Workers from Home to the Workplace

Safeguarding the Rights of Asian Migrant Workers from Home to the Workplace

Cultural values, moral sentiments and the fashioning of gendered migrant identities

Social bias within the institution of hired domestic care: global interactions and migration

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