Gendered movement ecology and landscape use in Hadza hunter-gatherers

Wood, Brian M.; Harris, Jacob; Raichlen, David A.; Pontzer, Herman; Sayre, M. Katherine; Sancilio, Amelia; Berbesque, J. Colette; Crittenden, Alyssa N.; Mabulla, Audax; McElreath, Richard; Cashdan, Elizabeth; Jones, James Holland

doi:10.1038/s41562-020-01002-7

Cited by 60 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…One of the long-term goals of this project is to examine relationships between Hadza landscape use and patterns of wildlife distribution, and so we designed the grid to sample across different intensities of Hadza occupation and use, which arise out of their normal patterns of central-place foraging. GPS data collected between 2006 and 2018 [55] provided us with an empirical model of Hadza foraging intensities, and its variation as a function of radial distance from camp. Therefore, we designed a master grid that was composed of 16 cameras spaced 2 km apart, and a sub-grid closer to the Hadza camp, composed of 4 cameras, spaced 1 km apart, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Camera Trap Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hunter-gatherers in context: Mammal community composition in a northern Tanzania landscape used by Hadza foragers and Datoga pastoralists

Wood¹,

Millar²,

Wright³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In many regions of sub Saharan Africa large mammals occur in human-dominated areas, yet their community composition and species-specific densities have rarely been described in areas occupied by traditional hunter-gatherer and pastoralist groups. Surveys of the mammal populations in such areas are also provide important context to understand human hunting practices, including the choice of prey species harvested and the overall productivity of hunting. Using a sampling grid centered on a Hadza hunter-gatherer camp and covering 36 km² of semi-arid savannah in northern Tanzania, we assessed mammals using camera traps (n = 19 stations) for c. 5 months (2,182 trap nights). Overall, we recorded 36 wild mammal species and rarefaction curves at the site- and landscape scale suggested that sampling effort was sufficient to capture mammal species richness. Species-specific densities were estimated using a random encounter model and site- and species’ body mass- specific estimates of the area sampled at each camera; confidence intervals were estimated using bootstrapping. Point estimates of densities varied by c. four orders of magnitude, from 0.003 ind./km² (African wild dog) to 27.5 ind./km² (Kirk’s dik dik). Densities of livestock (cattle, donkey, sheep and goat) were high, particularly when estimated using directly observed herd sizes. The biomass density of livestock exceeded that of all wild mammals by a factor of 3.3-38.7. Compared to camera trap rates in a fully protected area of northern Tanzania (Lake Manyara National Park), most wildlife species in our study area appear in much lower abundance, and the magnitude of species-specific differences in relative abundances were not significantly associated with body mass. We outline and discuss specific hypotheses that could explain the observed patterns of high species richness and generally low species densities. Finally, we discuss how these data inform studies of Hadza hunting and models of hunter-gatherer diets.

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Section: Camera Trap Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hunter-gatherers in context: Mammal community composition in a northern Tanzania landscape used by Hadza foragers and Datoga pastoralists

Wood¹,

Millar²,

Wright³

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One of the long-term goals of this project is to examine relationships between Hadza landscape use and patterns of wildlife distribution, and so we designed the grid to provide a random sample of locations that was stratified across different rates of occupation and use during people’s normal patterns of central-place foraging. GPS data collected between 2006 and 2018 [ 61 ] provided us with an empirical model of Hadza movement patterns, and its variation as a function of radial distance from camp. Therefore, we designed a master grid that was composed of 16 cameras spaced 2 km apart, and a sub-grid closer to the Hadza camp, composed of 4 cameras, spaced 1 km apart, as shown in Fig 1C .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hunter-Gatherers in context: Mammal community composition in a northern Tanzania landscape used by Hadza foragers and Datoga pastoralists

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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In many regions of sub Saharan Africa large mammals occur in human-dominated areas, yet their community composition and abundance have rarely been described in areas occupied by traditional hunter-gatherers and pastoralists. Surveys of mammal populations in such areas provide important measures of biodiversity and provide ecological context for understanding hunting practices. Using a sampling grid centered on a Hadza hunter-gatherer camp and covering 36 km2 of semi-arid savannah in northern Tanzania, we assessed mammals using camera traps (n = 19 stations) for c. 5 months (2,182 trap nights). In the study area (Tli’ika in the Hadza language), we recorded 36 wild mammal species. Rarefaction curves suggest that sampling effort was sufficient to capture mammal species richness, yet some species known to occur at low densities in the wider area (e.g. African lions, wildebeest) were not detected. Relative abundance indices of wildlife species varied by c. three orders of magnitude, from a mean of 0.04 (African wild dog) to 20.34 capture events per 100 trap-nights (Kirk’s dik dik). To contextualize the relative abundance of wildlife in the study area, we compared our study’s data to comparable camera trap data collected in a fully protected area of northern Tanzania with similar rainfall (Lake Manyara National Park). Raw data and negative binomial regression analyses show that wild herbivores and wild carnivores were generally detected in the national park at higher rates than in the Hadza-occupied region. Livestock were notably absent from the national park, but were detected at high levels in Tli’ika, and cattle was the second most frequently detected species in the Hadza-used area. We discuss how these data inform current conservation efforts, studies of Hadza hunting, and models of hunter-gatherer foraging ecology and diet.

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“…Another prominent environmental factor is the historically prevalent subsistence type within a particular society, defined by its primary food production system [56]. Such more distal features of the ecology (e.g., defensibility and presence of resources) may have influenced the contemporary social ecology [57][58][59]. In particular, subsistence type might play a role in shaping features of interdependence, that can moderate the effect of reputation systems on cooperation.…”

Section: (B) Subsistence Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such more distal features of the ecology (e.g. defensibility and presence of resources) may have influenced the contemporary social ecology [43,58,59]. In particular, subsistence type might play a role in shaping features of interdependence, that can moderate the effect of reputation systems on cooperation.…”

Section: (B) Subsistence Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reputation and socio-ecology in humans

Romano

Giardini

Columbus

et al. 2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Reputation is a fundamental feature of human sociality as it sustains cooperative relationships among unrelated individuals. Research from various disciplines provides insights on how individuals form impressions of others, condition their behaviours based on the reputation of their interacting partners and spread or learn such reputations. However, past research has often neglected the socio-ecological conditions that can shape reputation systems and their effect on cooperation. Here, we outline how social environments, cultural values and institutions come to play a crucial role in how people navigate reputation systems. Moreover, we illustrate how these socio-ecological dimensions affect the interdependence underlying social interactions (e.g. potential recipients of reputational benefits, degree of dependence) and the extent to which reputation systems promote cooperation. To do so, we review the interdisciplinary literature that illustrates how reputation systems are shaped by the variation of prominent ecological features. Finally, we discuss the implications of a socio-ecological approach to the study of reputation and outline potential avenues for future research. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The language of cooperation: reputation and honest signalling’.

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Gendered movement ecology and landscape use in Hadza hunter-gatherers

Cited by 60 publications

References 71 publications

Hunter-gatherers in context: Mammal community composition in a northern Tanzania landscape used by Hadza foragers and Datoga pastoralists

Hunter-gatherers in context: Mammal community composition in a northern Tanzania landscape used by Hadza foragers and Datoga pastoralists

Hunter-Gatherers in context: Mammal community composition in a northern Tanzania landscape used by Hadza foragers and Datoga pastoralists

Reputation and socio-ecology in humans

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