“…Through this frame, journalists emphasize 'love connections' between female terrorists and their lovers, husbands, male family members, or friends. The continued use of gendered news frames minimizes the perception of women as threatening by reinforcing the idea that 'violent women' are paradoxical and that terrorism is an inherently masculine domain (Autcher, 2012;Conway and McInerney, 2012;Gardner, 2007;Jaworski, 2010;Lavie-Dinur et al, 2013;Nacos, 2005). Like Nacos, Elizabeth Gardner (2007) constructed a typology of news frames used to portray female terrorists; however, she took a quantitative approach, resulting in the following categories: Nationalism, Revenge, Desire for Martyrdom, Escape, Victimization, Religious Cause, Redemption, Feminist Pride, and Other (p. 918).…”