Gendering the Knowledge Economy

Gender, careers and flexibility in consultancies in the UK and the USA: a multi-level relational analysis

“…The research presented in this paper aimed to investigate the interaction between gender, careers and flexible working in consultancy firms in the UK and the USA through gaining insight into consultants' views and experiences (Kvande 2005;Walby et al 2007). The findings revealed that women in each firm and country setting suffered at a micro-level from problems related to macro-and meso-level policies and occupational norms characterised by discriminatory cultures and unfriendly working hours, despite the extolled support and backing for women's enhanced representation at both a horizontal and vertical level.…”

“…In many fields of higher education, women outperform men, which potentially provides them with a favourable platform for success in these firms (Walby et al 2007). This is because the quality of this knowledge is likely to enhance their value to knowledge-intensive organisations, underpinning the need for HR policies to attract, retain and support women.…”

“…However, the accounts of the other participants in this firm indicated no evidence that the hierarchies in operation were actively being flattened. Instead the hierarchies in place across the case study firms were firmly embedded and male-dominated (Walby et al 2007;King et al 2010). The comment featured below is illustrative of the accounts provided by the interview sample: Unsurprisingly, the degree of gender imbalance across each of the roles stated varied by office and department.…”

Business Failure and Entrepreneurship: Emergence, Evolution and Future Research

“…Debates on entrepreneurial identities have been criticized for being largely gender blind [Ahl and Marlow, 2012], this is an issue as gender biases persist in many industries to this day. The technology industry is one such example, embedded masculinity within the sector serves to marginalize the feminine [Wajcman, 2004, Walby et al, 2009, Marlow and McAdam, 2015. Female technology entrepreneurs stand at only between 5% and 15% within Europe [Walby et al, 2009, Wynarczyk andMarlow, 2010]; a recent study by Marlow and McAdam [2015] suggests that women operating in this space engage in various forms of gender-specific identity work to enhance their chances of success.…”

Knowledge-based Development and Its Relation to Economic Prosperity in Developing Countries

“…In conclusion, innovation as a process of change in a system not only considers changes of hardware but also should consider the market situation, investment, production services and facilities and importantly the socioeconomic contexts of an innovating country or organization or institutions (Kleine and Rosenberg, 1986). According to Walby et al (2007), a knowledge-based economy includes the specific industrial sectors of the economy that are most reliant on knowledge, such as information and communication technologies, biotechnology and knowledge intensive services. In the model, they focused on the industries that are involved extensively with knowledge for promoting knowledge-based development.…”