GENE-3D: A global gyrokinetic turbulence code for stellarators

Maurer, M.; Navarro, A. Bañón; Dannert, T.; Restelli, Marco; Hindenlang, Florian; Görler, T.; Told, D.; Jarema, Denis; Merlo, Gabriele; Jenko, F.

doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2020.109694

Cited by 29 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The model takes a background profile defined on a regular PEST grid (Maurer et al. 2020), referred to as , from a single toroidal angle, , and evolves the poloidal PEST angle, , to mimic the effect of the radially resolved rotation. The evolution at different values of the radial PEST coordinate, , is considered independently.…”

Section: Figure 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radial localisation of the line-integrated PCI measurement is achieved by matching the measured phase velocity with the E × B rotation velocity profile from neoclassical simulations. This includes modelling the effect of the E × B rotation on the measured spectra with a newly built synthetic PCI diagnostic employing a simplified model for plasma rotation on top of global gyrokinetic simulation results by GENE-3D (Maurer et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes modelling the effect of the rotation on the measured spectra with a newly built synthetic PCI diagnostic employing a simplified model for plasma rotation on top of global gyrokinetic simulation results by GENE-3D (Maurer et al. 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phase contrast imaging measurements and numerical simulations of turbulent density fluctuations in gas-fuelled ECRH discharges in Wendelstein 7-X

et al. 2021

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The fundamental nature of turbulent density fluctuations in standard Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator discharges is investigated experimentally via phase contrast imaging (PCI) in combination with gyrokinetic simulations with the code GENE. We find that density fluctuations are ion-temperature-gradient-driven and radially localised in the outer half of the plasma. It is shown that the line-integrated PCI measurements cover the right range of wavenumbers and a favourable toroidal and poloidal location to capture some of the strongest density fluctuations in W7-X. Due to the radial localisation of fluctuations, measured wavenumber–frequency spectra exhibit a dominant phase velocity, which can be related to the $\boldsymbol {E\times B}$ rotation velocity at the radial position of a well in the neoclassical radial electric field. The match is robust against variations of heating power and line-integrated density, which is partly due to the localisation of fluctuations and partly due to effects of the radial gradient in the $\boldsymbol {E\times B}$ velocity profile on the wavenumber–frequency spectrum. The latter effect is studied with a newly built synthetic PCI diagnostic and global gyrokinetic simulations with GENE-3D.

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Section: Figure 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phase contrast imaging measurements and numerical simulations of turbulent density fluctuations in gas-fuelled ECRH discharges in Wendelstein 7-X

et al. 2021

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“…All of these considerations motivated the upgrade of GENE-3D (Maurer et al 2020), the extension of the widely established GENE framework (Jenko et al 2000) for three-dimensional magnetic field equilibria, to an electromagnetic gyrokinetic code, which is the focus of this work. In this paper, the underlying model of GENE-3D is presented, with special emphasis on the treatment of the electromagnetic terms in the gyrokinetic system of equations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global electromagnetic turbulence simulations of W7-X-like plasmas with GENE-3D

et al. 2021

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The GENE-3D code, the global stellarator version of the established GENE framework, has been extended to an electromagnetic gyrokinetic code. This paper outlines the basic structure of the algorithm, highlighting the treatment of the electromagnetic terms. The numerical implementation is verified against the radially global GENE code in linear and nonlinear tokamak simulations, recovering excellent agreement between both codes. As a first application to stellarator plasmas, linear and nonlinear global simulations with kinetic electrons of ion temperature gradient (ITG) turbulence in Wendelstein 7-X were performed, showing a decrease of ITG activity through the introduction of electromagnetic effects via a finite plasma- $\beta$ . The upgrade makes it possible to study a large variety of new physical scenarios, including kinetic electron and electromagnetic effects, reducing the gap between gyrokinetic models and physically realistic systems.

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“…Gyrokinetic simulations for optimized stellarators.-The impact of this resonant mechanism on the turbulent transport of stellarators is investigated through numerical simulations of W7-X, performed with the gyrokinetic code GENE [5,[17][18][19]. To identify stellarator-specific features, these findings are compared to those of a typical tokamak (ASDEX Upgrade).…”

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confidence: 99%

Turbulence Suppression by Energetic Particle Effects in Modern Optimized Stellarators

2020

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Turbulent transport is known to limit the plasma confinement of present-day optimized stellarators. To address this issue, a novel method to strongly suppress turbulence in such devices is proposed, namely the resonant wave-particle interaction of suprathermal particles-e.g., from ion-cyclotron-resonancefrequency heating-with turbulence-driving microinstabilities like ion-temperature-gradient modes. The effectiveness of this mechanism is demonstrated via large-scale gyrokinetic simulations, revealing an overall turbulence reduction by up to 65% in the case under consideration. Comparisons with a tokamak configuration highlight the critical role played by the magnetic geometry and the first steps into the optimization of fast particle effects in stellarator devices are discussed. These results hold the promise of new and still unexplored stellarator scenarios with reduced turbulent transport, essential for achieving burning plasmas in future devices.

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GENE-3D: A global gyrokinetic turbulence code for stellarators

Cited by 29 publications

References 60 publications

Phase contrast imaging measurements and numerical simulations of turbulent density fluctuations in gas-fuelled ECRH discharges in Wendelstein 7-X

Phase contrast imaging measurements and numerical simulations of turbulent density fluctuations in gas-fuelled ECRH discharges in Wendelstein 7-X

Global electromagnetic turbulence simulations of W7-X-like plasmas with GENE-3D

Turbulence Suppression by Energetic Particle Effects in Modern Optimized Stellarators

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