Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for Treating Epilepsy

Naegele, Janice R.; Maisano, Xu

doi:10.1201/ebk1420085594-c33

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…It helps to reverse the electrical hyperactivity in the most hyperexcitable parts of brain i.e. hippocampus and substantia nigra that results in seizures [39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Epilepsy and Speech Outcomes with Human Embryonic Stem Cell Therapy in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Shroff¹

2016

Int Arch Med

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Introduction: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a group of permanent neurological disorders which is prevalent in children of neonatal age and is often associated with epilepsy and speech disorders. The various conventional treatments and therapies available so far are unable to treat these comorbidities. In this study, we aimed to evaluate 101 patients with CP having speech disorders and epilepsy. The patients were treated using human embryonic stem cells (hESC) therapy and assessed by Gross Motor Function Classification System-Expanded and Revised (GMFCS-E & R) score. Materials and Methods: Patients were given hESCs via different routes of administration for duration of 8 weeks and evaluated before and after the treatment on the basis of their levels of gross and motor function of improvement, i.e., frequency of the epileptic attacks and ability to speak. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan investigations were also performed to support the studies. Results: There was an improvement in 96.61% of the epileptic patients and 91.39% of the patients with speech disorder. Of 59 patients affected with epilepsy, 18 patients had shown complete disappearance of epileptic episodes; and of 93 patients affected with speech, 27 patients became completely verbal. Conclusion: Hence, hESC therapy might be beneficial in patients with CP having epilepsy and speech disorders.

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“…It helps to reverse the electrical hyperactivity in the most hyperexcitable parts of brain i.e. hippocampus and substantia nigra that results in seizures [39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Epilepsy and Speech Outcomes with Human Embryonic Stem Cell Therapy in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Shroff¹

2016

Int Arch Med

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“…For intractable forms of epilepsy, stem cell–based therapies offer a novel approach for seizure suppression. Survival and integration of transplants of fetal γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic progenitors or ESC‐derived GABAergic progenitors in the developing brain of mouse models of epilepsy have provided evidence for the therapeutic potential of stem cell grafts for controlling intractable seizures ((Naegele & Maisano, 2010; Naegele et al., 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic stem cell therapy for intractable epilepsy

Naegele

Vemuri²,

Studer

2010

Epilepsia

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SUMMARYStem cell therapies are envisioned for severe neurologic disorders and intractable epilepsy. Methods to maintain and derive neural cells from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are providing insights into human nervous system development from stem cells and the future of stem cell therapy for epilepsy. For an expanded treatment of this topic A decade ago, the notion of regenerating severed arms or legs or restoring vision fell into the realm of biblical study or science fiction. However, advances in stem cell technology are encouraging the idea that some regeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) is attainable. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) show tremendous promise for repairing the damaged brain in epilepsy (Carpentino et al., 2008;Maisano et al., 2009).Stem cells are self-renewing and retain the potential to generate the three major CNS cell types-neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. The brain's endogenous stem cells show limited capacity to replace injured or defective cell types. For intractable forms of epilepsy, stem cell-based therapies offer a novel approach for seizure suppression. Survival and integration of transplants of fetal c-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic progenitors or ESC-derived GABAergic progenitors in the developing brain of mouse models of epilepsy have provided evidence for the therapeutic potential of stem cell grafts for controlling intractable seizures .Many of the transcription factor codes that specify different cell types are known. This information is aiding efforts to direct stem cells toward specific lineages. Three main approaches have been developed for propagation: embryoid bodies, monolayer cultures, and neurosphere cultures. A challenge is obtaining neural stem cells with-defined regional identities that can be patterned into specific CNS lineages. Already it is possible to generate dopaminergic, motor, and GABAergic neurons from human ESCs. These cells can form neural rosettes that resemble the developing neural plate, and this stage shows greatest potential for neural patterning. Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenesis is another novel tool that helps define and isolate specific neural and glial lineages (Maroof et al., 2010).Before clinical applications are realized, ''clinicalgrade'' human embryonic stem cells must be produced in xeno-free conditions and tumor formation must be reduced. Further roadblocks include achieving long-term survival of transplants and circumventing graft rejection. iPSCs remove immunological barriers to stem cell therapy, since iPSCs can be generated from a patient's own skin.

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Embryonic Stem Cell Therapy for Intractable Epilepsy

Naegele

Vemuri²,

Studer

2012

Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies

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Envisioning a world in which humans are able to regenerate severed limbs, rewire neural pathways, and enhance sensory perception has been a mainstay of science fiction novels and movies for decades. While human limb regeneration is still not possible, remarkable developments in the fields of stem cell biology and neuroscience are leading the way for stem cell-based therapies to amend brain and spinal cord damage and repair sensory organs. In this chapter, we discuss recent efforts to derive neural stem cells from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their applications to treating conditions such as temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and neurodegenerative diseases.

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Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for Treating Epilepsy

Cited by 3 publications

References 51 publications

Improved Epilepsy and Speech Outcomes with Human Embryonic Stem Cell Therapy in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Improved Epilepsy and Speech Outcomes with Human Embryonic Stem Cell Therapy in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Embryonic stem cell therapy for intractable epilepsy

Embryonic Stem Cell Therapy for Intractable Epilepsy

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