Gene-Based Resistance to Erysiphe Species Causing Powdery Mildew Disease in Peas (Pisum sativum L.)

Abstract

Globally powdery mildew (PM) is one of the major diseases of the pea caused by Erysiphe pisi. Besides, two other species viz. Erysiphe trifolii and Erysiphe baeumleri have also been identified to infect the pea plant. To date, three resistant genes, namely er1, er2 and Er3 located on linkage groups VI, III and IV respectively were identified. Studies have shown the er1 gene to be a Pisum sativum Mildew resistance Locus ‘O’ homologue and subsequent analysis has identified eleven alleles namely er1–1 to er1–11. Despite reports mentioning the breakdown of er1 gene-mediated PM resistance by E. pisi and E. trifolii, it is still the most widely deployed gene in PM resistance breeding programmes across the world. Several linked DNA markers have been reported in different mapping populations with varying linkage distances and effectiveness, which were used by breeders to develop PM-resistant pea cultivars through marker assisted selection. This review summarizes the genetics of PM resistance and its mechanism, allelic variations of the er gene, marker linkage and future strategies to exploit this information for targeted PM resistance breeding in Pisum.

Genetic Diversity Analysis based on the Virulence, Physiology and Regional Variability in Different Isolates of Powdery Mildew in Pea

“…Most often, abundantly produced asexual spores are spread by the wind and cause the infection. Occasionally, a sexual recombination process develops more virulent strains for widespread adaptability to varied habitats [ 23 ]. Due to the obligatory parasitic and nonculturable nature, most studies on powdery mildew biodiversity in a region rely on local surveys and samplings.…”

“…In addition, dealing with an obligate parasite such as E. pisi challenges the selection procedure for developing powdery mildew resistance. To overcome these challenges, most RAPD markers studied were linked to finding powdery mildew resistance genes, which may play a prominent role in recognizing resistance loci and pyramiding resistance genes in various pea cultivars [ 23 ].…”

Genetic Augmentation of Legume Crops Using Genomic Resources and Genotyping Platforms for Nutritional Food Security

“…Pea is the third most important crop in the world and is a major source of protein in the human diet [ 195 ]. In pea crop, various types of mapping populations (backcross, AB-QTL, and RIL) have been developed for the identification of gene(s)/QTLs linked to phenotypic traits, such as QTLs for resistance to white mould [ 196 ], QTL for resistance to Mycosphaerella pinodes [ 197 ], QTL for salt tolerance in pea [ 140 ], as well as er1 , er2 , and Er3 genes resistance to powdery mildew in pea [ 138 , 139 , 198 ]. Novel SNPs have been identified by using GBS in RIL mapping populations of pea [ 195 ], and the identified genes/QTLs have been successfully introgressed into the elite varieties for further improvement through molecular breeding methods.…”

Influence of abiotic variables on the seasonal occurrence of pea leaf miner, Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau) afflicting damage to pea.

“…Pisum sativum L. is a cool-season leguminous crop that is the second most important legume crop of the world (Pawar et al, 2017). Due to its low fat but increased vitamin C, iron, ß-carotene, riboflavin, protein, fiber and thiamine content, its cultivation is in high demand (Devi et al, 2022). Additionally, by improving soil fertility through atmospheric nitrogen fixation, they make a substantial contribution to sustainable agriculture (Jolly et al, 2022).…”