Gene conversion between duplicated genetic elements in yeast

Jackson, Jennifer A.; Fink, Gerald R.

doi:10.1038/292306a0

Cited by 341 publications

(143 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, we found that the RADI and RAD52 genes affect this recombination via different pathways, since the frequency of HIS3+ recombinants decreased synergistically in radi radS2 double mutants. Unlike rad52 mutations (12), however, radl mutations did not lower the recombination frequency of an intrachromosomal duplication of the his4 heteroalleles (alleles differing by point mutations) or the recombination frequency between heteroalleles on homologous chromosomes. Integration of linear plasmids and DNA fragments into homologous sites in the yeast chromosome was decreased by the radiA mutation, indicating that the RAD1 product acts at a stage after the formation of the recombinogenic substrate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 68%

RAD1, an excision repair gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is also involved in recombination.

1988

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The RADI gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for the incision step of excision repair of damaged DNA. In this paper, we report our observations on the effect of the RADI gene on genetic recombination.Mitotic intrachromosomal and interchromosomal recombination in RAD+, radi, rad52, and other rad mutant strains was examined. The radl deletion mutation and some radl point mutations reduced the frequency of intrachromosomal recombination of a his3 duplication, in which one his3 allele is deleted at the 3' end while the other his3 allele is deleted at the 5' end. Mutations in the other excision repair genes, RAD2, RAD3, and RAD4, did not lower recombination frequencies in the his3 duplication. As expected, recombination between the his3 deletion alleles in the duplication was reduced in the rad52 mutant. The frequency of HIS3+ recombinants fell synergistically in the radl rad52 double mutant, indicating that the RADI and RAD52 genes affect this recombination via different pathways. In contrast to the effect of mutations in the RAD52 gene, mutations in the RADI gene did not lower intrachromosomal and interchromosomal recombination between heteroalleles that carry point mutations rather than partial deletions; however, the radlA mutation did lower the frequency of integration of lnear plasmids and DNA fragments into homologous genomic sequences. We suggest that RADI plays a role in recombination after the formation of the recombinogenic substrate.In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 10 genes, RAD1, RAD2, RAD3, RAD4, RAD7, RADIO, RAD14, RAD16, RAD23, and MMS19, are known to be involved in excision repair of DNA damaged by UV light and by other agents that deform the DNA helix. The radi, rad2, rad3, rad4, and radiO mutants are highly sensitive to UV light and to other DNA-damaging agents and are totally defective in the incision of damaged DNA (18,27,36). The mms19, rad7, radI4, radi6, and rad23 mutants are not as sensitive to DNAdamaging agents and differ in excision proficiency from each other (18,19). In their absolute requirement for incision, the RADI, RAD2, RAD3, RAD4, and RADIO genes of S. cerevisiae resemble the Escherichia coli uvrA, uvrB, and uvrC genes. The UvrABC enzyme complex of E. coli cuts the damaged strand at two sites, which are 7 to 8 nucleotides 5' and 3 to 4 nucleotides 3' from the damage (29, 37). The UvrD and Poll enzymes catalyze the release of the UvrABC enzyme complex from the damaged site (4, 10).In contrast to the E. coli uvrA, uvrB, and uvrC genes, which are required only for incision of damaged DNA, some of the yeast incision genes seem to be involved in other cellular processes as well. The RAD3 gene, in addition to its role in incision, is essential for cell viability; rad3 deletion mutants are inviable (8, 21), and various rad3 mutants that are defective only in the excision repair function or that are temperature sensitive for growth but proficient in DNA repair exist (22, 23; R. Schiestl and S. Prakash, unpublished observations). The RAD3 protein has been purified in our lab...

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mentioning

confidence: 68%

RAD1, an excision repair gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is also involved in recombination.

1988

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“…39 and 40), a process of unidirectional transfer of genetic material between members of a multigenic family (41). Gene conversion generates a transition from the heterozygous stage to the homozygous stage, and thus can result in substantial heterozygote deficiency (40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme inbreeding in Leishmania braziliensis

Rougeron

Meeûs

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et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

135

151

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Leishmania species of the subgenus Viannia and especially Leishmania braziliensis are responsible for a large proportion of New World leishmaniasis cases. The reproductive mode of Leishmania species has often been assumed to be predominantly clonal, but remains unsettled. We have investigated the genetic polymorphism at 12 microsatellite loci on 124 human strains of Leishmania braziliensis from 2 countries, Peru and Bolivia. There is substantial genetic diversity, with an average of 12.4 ؎ 4.4 alleles per locus. There is linkage disequilibrium at a genome-wide scale, as well as a substantial heterozygote deficit (more than 50% the expected value from Hardy؊Weinberg equilibrium), which indicates high levels of inbreeding. These observations are inconsistent with a strictly clonal model of reproduction, which implies excess heterozygosity. Moreover, there is large genetic heterogeneity between populations within countries (Wahlund effect), which evinces a strong population structure at a microgeographic scale. Our findings are compatible with the existence of population foci at a microgeographic scale, where clonality alternates with sexuality of an endogamic nature, with possible occasional recombination events between individuals of different genotypes. These findings provide key clues on the ecology and transmission patterns of Leishmania parasites.clonality ͉ microsatellites ͉ population genetics ͉ endogamyl ͉ heterozygote defiency

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“…Similar to homologous recombination between single-copy sequences, unequal interhomolog and interchromatid recombination between duplicated sequences ( Figure 2) has been observed in yeast (JACKSON and FINK 1981;JACKSON and FINK 1985;KLEIN 1984;KLEIN and PETES 1981;MOTOVALI-BASHI et al 2004;SZOSTAK and Wu 1980;THOMPSON and STAHL 1999), tobacco (TOVAR and LICHTENSTEIN 1992) and Arabidopsis (ASSAAD and SIGNER 1992;JELESKO et al 1999;MOLINIER et al 2004;OPPERMAN et al 2004). Also similar to equal recombination, unequal interchromatid recombination predominated during mitosis in a study conducted in yeast (JACKSON and FINK 1981), whereas unequal interhomolog recombination was preferred in meiosis (JACKSON and FINK 1985).…”

Section: Meiotic Recombination Among Tandemly Arrayed Duplicate Genessupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Also similar to equal recombination, unequal interchromatid recombination predominated during mitosis in a study conducted in yeast (JACKSON and FINK 1981), whereas unequal interhomolog recombination was preferred in meiosis (JACKSON and FINK 1985). Together these results suggest that equal and unequal recombination occur via similar mechanisms (i.e., DSBR).…”

Section: Meiotic Recombination Among Tandemly Arrayed Duplicate Genesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…At single-copy genes in yeast and mammals, mitotic reciprocal recombination occurs preferentially between sister chromatids (GONZALEZ-BARRERA et al 2003;reviewed in JOHNSON and JASIN 2001;KADYK and HARTWELL 1992) but with the onset of meiosis the preferred recombination template changes to the homolog (reviewed in KLECKNER 1996;PETES and PUKKILA 1995;ROEDER 1997). Similarly in yeast, unequal recombination between duplicated sequences occurs primarily between sister chromatids during mitosis (JACKSON and FINK 1981), whereas during meiosis, unequal interhomolog recombination occurs ten fold more frequently than interchromatid recombination (JACKSON and FINK 1985).…”

Section: Region-specific Trans-acting Modifiers Have Been Characterizmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of trans modifiers and tandem duplications on meiotic recombination in maize

Nelson

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Gene conversion between duplicated genetic elements in yeast

Cited by 341 publications

References 46 publications

RAD1, an excision repair gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is also involved in recombination.

RAD1, an excision repair gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is also involved in recombination.

Extreme inbreeding in Leishmania braziliensis

The effects of trans modifiers and tandem duplications on meiotic recombination in maize

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