Gene Dependency of Vegetalization in Sea Urchin Embryos Treated With Lithium

Runnström, John; Markman, B.

doi:10.2307/1539746

Cited by 27 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Puromycin, which inhibits the translation of information from RNA to proteins, induces, in the embryo at the stage of primitive streak, a general inhibition of all organs, including the heart (Leani Collini and Ranzi, 1967). } The conclusion that the Li action is different from the action of the actinomycin D is confirmed by the research work of Runnström and Markman (1966) on sea urchin embryos. These authors observed that actinomycin D inhibits the entoderm differentiation in exogastrulae.…”

Section: Morphological Observationsmentioning

confidence: 69%

On Lithium and Thio Cyanate Action on Embryonic Development and Metabolism

Ranzi¹

1975

Revue Suisse De Zoologie.

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Section: Morphological Observationsmentioning

confidence: 69%

On Lithium and Thio Cyanate Action on Embryonic Development and Metabolism

Ranzi¹

1975

Revue Suisse De Zoologie.

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“…Lallier (1963aLallier ( , 1963b and Markman and Runnstrom (1963) point out that actinomycin (like lithium) enhances the vegetalizing properties of the embryo. Runnstrom and Markman (1966) also cite that exposure to actinomycin D (12.5 /Ag./ml.) at the 8-cell stage for 5 hours causes animalization which is a "secondary effect of retarded gastrulation," and that lithium (0.033 M) to some extent counteracts this.…”

Section: Cobaltmentioning

confidence: 98%

Developmental Modifications in Arbacia Punctulata by Various Metabolic Substances

Mateyko¹

1967

The Biological Bulletin

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Normal development is a sequela of normal cellular differentiation. In order to understand the precise programming in development, be it molecular or morphologic, attention must be given to the properties of the individual developing cell and its organelles and its metabolic events, as well as the overall susceptibility of response of the whole organism during development.Major steps in the understanding of echinoid developmental biology have been made by experimental approaches which have brought about aberrations in development (see review by Lallier, 1964a) and more recently by biochemical analyses of these events (see review by Monroy and Maggio, 1964).The present report concentrates on the response of the embryo as a whole organism to a variety of agents. By comparison with the normal sequences in development, these changes may provide insight into the mode of action, especially where a differential response is elicited.The first experiments were based on Heath's (1954) observation that persistent nucleoli resulted when 1 to 1.5 X 10" 5 gm./ml. cobalt chloride was added to cultures of chick heart and frontal bone. These persistent nucleoli remained in association with chromosomes during metaphase but were torn in two or adhered to one chromosome at anaphase. They remained in the cytoplasm despite reconstitution of new nucleoli in daughter cells. The early sea urchin experiments were designed to duplicate the unique cobalt effect, thereby, hopefully, pinpointing critical stages during early development (Mateyko, 1961). The prominent nucleolus, a characteristic feature of the large germinal vesicle in the oocyte of Arbacia has always attracted attention. To illustrate, recently, Esper (1965) discussed the cytochemistry of its vacuole. But the information on nucleoli in blastomeres of echinoids is difficult to assess. In fact, it was only recently that the karyotype of Arbacia punctulata was published (Auclair, 1965). German (1964) demonstrated that of the 44 chromosomes, two pairs were considerably larger. Whether these are the nucleolar-organizer chromosomes or even whether nucleoli are organized into compact bodies associated with specific chromosomes in the early cleavage stages is not established. Cowden and Lehman (1963) demonstrated that there were no nucleoli in the blastula of Lytechinus verigatits (sic) or Melita quinqiiesperforata (sic). It was only at the early gastrula, 12 hours post-fertilization, that nucleoli became visibly organized. Is "blastulation" used in the sense of the onset of asynchrony, and this inception of differentiation a critical moment in nucleolar phe-

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The effect of zinc on sea urchin morphogenesis

Timourian

1968

J. Exp. Zool.

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Embryos of the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus were incubated for different periods of time in various concentrations of ZnClz in artificial sea water at pH 7.0 and 7.8. In general, zinc treatment restricts the development of endoderm and mesenchyme derivatives and zinc may be classified as an animalizing substance. The specificity of the zinc effects is analyzed considering the time during development that 65Zn is taken up by the embryo and the possible effects of zinc on protein synthesis, cell division and cell migration. The possibility that zinc exerts its effect non-specifically as a toxic substance is explored. The animalizing properties of zinc may be the result of a non-specific arrest in development at the time when the structures derived from the vegetal half are differentiating.

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Gene Dependency of Vegetalization in Sea Urchin Embryos Treated With Lithium

Cited by 27 publications

References 23 publications

On Lithium and Thio Cyanate Action on Embryonic Development and Metabolism

On Lithium and Thio Cyanate Action on Embryonic Development and Metabolism

Developmental Modifications in Arbacia Punctulata by Various Metabolic Substances

The effect of zinc on sea urchin morphogenesis

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