Gene–Environment Correlation as a Source of Stability and Diversity in Development

Beam, Christopher R.; Turkheimer, Eric

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49227-8_6

Cited by 44 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…To investigate the genetic contribution to a phenotype, it is useful to first estimate its heritability (box 1). Heritability is the proportion of variation in a phenotype that can be attributed to genetic differences; these estimates are specific to the particular context and the timepoint at which they are estimated [13,[15][16][17]. For example, if a trait has a heritability of 30%, then 30% of the variation in this trait is assumed to be due to genetic variation.…”

Section: Estimating Heritabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of biologically based psychological differences

Sallis

Smith

Munafò

2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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In recent years, substantial effort has gone into disentangling the genetic contribution to individual differences in behaviour (such as personality and temperament traits). Heritability estimates from twin and family studies, and more recently using whole genome approaches, suggest a substantial genetic component to these traits. However, efforts to identify the genes that influence these traits have had relatively little success. Here, we review current work investigating the heritability of individual differences in behavioural traits and provide an overview of the results from genome-wide association analyses of these traits to date. In addition, we discuss the implications of these findings for the potential applications of Mendelian randomization.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences'.

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Section: Estimating Heritabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of biologically based psychological differences

Sallis

Smith

Munafò

2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Thus, it is important to use research designs that can clarify direct causal effects, if any, of loneliness on dementia risk. Genetically informed research designs, such as twin studies, are one solution to infer causation as they adjust for unmeasured genetic and environmental selection confounds that may obscure causal associations (Turkheimer and Harden, 2014;Beam and Turkheimer, 2017). Selection processes, like a genetic predisposition for longevity, may account for their correlation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Genetically Informed Longitudinal Study of Loneliness and Dementia Risk in Older Adults

et al. 2021

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Although several studies have shown small longitudinal associations between baseline loneliness and subsequent dementia risk, studies rarely test whether change in loneliness predicts dementia risk. Furthermore, as both increase with advancing age, genetic and environmental selection processes may confound the putative causal association between loneliness and dementia risk. We used a sample of 2,476 individual twins from three longitudinal twin studies of aging in the Swedish Twin Registry to test the hypothesis that greater positive change in loneliness predicts greater dementia risk. We then used a sample of 1,632 pairs of twins to evaluate the hypothesis that effects of change in loneliness on dementia risk would remain after adjusting for effects of genetic and environmental variance. Phenotypic model results suggest that mild levels of baseline loneliness predict greater dementia risk. Contrary to our hypothesis, change in loneliness did not correlate with dementia risk, regardless of whether genetic and environmental selection confounds were taken into account. Worsening loneliness with age may not confer greater dementia risk.

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