Gene expression and involvement of signaling pathways during host–pathogen interplay in Orientia tsutsugamushi infection

Panda, Subhasmita; Swain, Saroj Kumar; Sahu, Basanta Pravas; Sarangi, Rachita

doi:10.1007/s13205-022-03239-7

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Several clinical and experimental studies have revealed post-infection immunosuppression; immunosuppression acquired during severe infection can lead to a more complex immuno-suppressed state and increased susceptibility to secondary infectious agents [ 20 ]. An immunological study revealed that multiple cytokines and chemokines released by the host defense mechanism play a significant role in activating various immune-related signaling pathways during an O. tsutsugamushi infection, including those for the stress response, autophagy, apoptosis, and innate immunity [ 6 ]. However, how scrub typhus affects changes in the cell-mediated immunity has not yet been completely elucidated, and no previous studies have directly investigated whether scrub typhus is a potential determinant of the VZV reactivation risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The virus can cause disseminated vasculitis and perivascular inflammatory lesions, resulting in significant vascular leakage and end-organ injury [ 4 ]. The exact molecular mechanisms underlying the host’s immune response to O. tsutsugamushi have not been completely elucidated, although the host–pathogen interaction has been revealed [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Varicella-Zoster Virus Reactivation During the Incubation Period for Scrub Typhus: A Case Report

Lee

et al. 2022

Am J Case Rep

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Patient: Female, 64-year-old Final Diagnosis: Infection Symptoms: Fever • hypotension • pain Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Anesthesiology • Infectious Diseases Objective: Rare coexistence of disease or pathology Background: Herpes zoster caused by the reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus is thought to result from the waning of specific cell-mediated immunity. Scrub typhus, an acute infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi , affects multiple organs and is characterized by microangiopathies that result in significant vascular leakage and subsequent end-organ injury. Very few cases of reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus following scrub typhus occurrence have been reported. Furthermore, no previous studies have directly investigated whether Orientia tsutsugamushi infection is a potential risk factor for herpes zoster. Case Report: We present the case of a 64-year-old woman without a previous illness who simultaneously developed herpes zoster of the thoracic dermatome and scrub typhus. Clinical symptoms of scrub typhus appeared during the treatment course for herpes zoster symptoms. Based on positive virus antibody test results, the patient was diagnosed with scrub typhus. This is a unique case of reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus that occurred during a silent incubation period for scrub typhus. Conclusions: This report indicates the possibility of reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus following Orientia tsutsugamushi infection, although the relationship between the 2 remains undetermined. Physicians should be aware that scrub typhus might be a potential determinant of varicella-zoster virus reactivation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varicella-Zoster Virus Reactivation During the Incubation Period for Scrub Typhus: A Case Report

Lee

et al. 2022

Am J Case Rep

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“…1 . Various bacterial strains have infected one-third of the world's population 2 . Despite advancements in the 21st century, bacteria persist as a formidable peril to human health, demanding immediate research efforts to discover compounds that exhibit superior antibacterial properties and broad-spectrum activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification on Ciprofloxacin Moiety to Synthesize Some New Derivatives with Screening Antibacterial Activity

Mohammed,

Farhan

2024

Baghdad Sci.J

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A major global public health problem is the emergence of antimicrobial resistance to common commercial medications. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new antimicrobials with enhanced biological activity. In this regard , in this study 5 novel Quinolone derivative A, B, C, D, and E were synthesized and their structure was analyzed using UV light, FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR techniques. The structure of synthesized compounds was investigated. The well diffusion assay method was used to test the synthetic compounds' antibacterial properties in vitro against two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria. Ciprofloxacin drug was used as an antibiotic standard. Best activity was shown by compound C against E. coli with an inhibition zone of 30mm and 33 mm at 250and 500 μg/mL respectively. While compound B in Staphylococcus aureus has high inhibition zone of 42mm and 47mm at 250and 500μg/mL respectively. However compound D in Klebsiella pneumoniae has high inhibition zone of 32mm and 35mm at 250 and 500μg/mL respectively, while compound A for Streptococcus pyogenes has inhibition zone of 45mm and 47mm at 250 and 500μg/mL respectively.

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“…Based on available genomic and genotyping studies ( 30 ), the antigenic and genetic diversity of Orientia tsutsugamushi has become a primary impediment to the development of effective vaccines, making the prediction of risk regions even more important at this stage. In recent years, spatial analysis and ecological modeling have been utilized to investigate the influencing factors associated with ST and to predict epidemic risk ( 28 , 31 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological analysis and risk prediction of scrub typhus from 2006 to 2021 in Sichuan, China

Zhang,

Qin

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundIn the past decade, the number of reported cases of scrub typhus (ST) has increased dramatically in Sichuan Province. We aimed to overview the epidemiological characteristics of ST, identify the variables contributing to the spatial distribution, and estimate the risk areas of ST occurrence.MethodsDaily ST cases reported at the county level from 2006 to 2021 and datasets on environmental and socioeconomic variables were obtained. Joinpoint regression model was utilized to examine the incidence trends and to calculate the annual percentage change. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis was employed to explore the spatial temporal patterns. Then BRT model was employed to identify variables that make sense and predict the risk areas of ST occurrence.ResultIt has been reported that there were 6,338 ST cases in Sichuan Province from 2006 to 2021, and the incidence rates continued to rise. Most cases were distributed between June and October each year, peaking in August. During the study period, the cases showed spatial clustering at the county level, mainly in the Panxi area, and then slowly spread to the northwest and northeast. Shrubs, precipitation, farmland and maximum temperature were the primary variables that affected the spatial distribution of this disease. It was estimated that the areas including Liangshan, Panzhihua, Bazhong, and Guangyuan were most at risk of transmission. and there were approximately 32.315 million people living in the areas with potential risk of infection throughout Sichuan.ConclusionMany counties in Sichuan Province were estimated to be susceptible to ST. Our found in this data-driven study could be used to guide the implementation of targeted prevention and control measures in high-risk areas.

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Gene expression and involvement of signaling pathways during host–pathogen interplay in Orientia tsutsugamushi infection

Cited by 5 publications

References 93 publications

Varicella-Zoster Virus Reactivation During the Incubation Period for Scrub Typhus: A Case Report

Varicella-Zoster Virus Reactivation During the Incubation Period for Scrub Typhus: A Case Report

Modification on Ciprofloxacin Moiety to Synthesize Some New Derivatives with Screening Antibacterial Activity

Epidemiological analysis and risk prediction of scrub typhus from 2006 to 2021 in Sichuan, China

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