Gene expression and localization of two types of AQP5 in<i>Xenopus tropicalis</i>under hydration and dehydration

Shibata, Yuki; Sano, Toshiyuki; Tsuchiya, N.; Okada, Reiko; Mochida, Hiroshi; Tanaka, Shigeyasu; Suzuki, Masakazu

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00186.2013

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…However, the magnitude and direction of the effect of HgCl 2 on water influx rates suggest that AQPs may play a mainly stabilizing role in water transport in "at-rest" skin. Similar conclusions were made by Ogushi et al (49), who found that HgCl 2 -sensitive AQPs were not constitutively expressed in any great number in at-rest skin, and Shibata et al (64), who found that AQPs were upregulated only in dehydrated animals. Indeed, the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasotocin appears to be required to simulate some AQP-mediated water transport in in vitro skin preps (48).…”

Section: Bd Infection Impairs Cutaneous Water Uptake Rates But Not Tosupporting

confidence: 81%

“…We previously showed that epithelial ion transporters in the ventral skin of frogs were similarly upregulated (both at the gene and protein levels) immediately after sloughing, potentially to mitigate high rates of salt loss following sloughing (79). AQP proteins may similarly be highly expressed under conditions requiring large fluxes of water, such as in terrestrial frogs or when animals are dehydrated, where water uptake is essential to maintain proper osmotic balance (64). Such changes in AQP expression during sloughing may be mediated via osmoregulatory hormones (41,83).…”

Section: Aqp and Tight-junction Mrna Response To Sloughing And Bd Infmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More studies are required to examine the relationship between behavioral responses to Bd infection and their physiological tradeoffs. Furthermore, because rates of water uptake correlate with levels of dehydration (3), AQPs may play a greater role in water balance in more terrestrial species compared with aquatic species (64). Thus, future studies should examine the effects of Bd infection on osmotic homeostasis (including the regulation of rates of water loss and uptake), comparing relatively less well-studied largely aquatic species with more terrestrial ones.…”

Section: Perspectives and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…AQPs exhibit rapid plasticity by either increasing or decreasing in abundance and/or activity in response to environmental conditions to regulate water resorption or secretion across the skin. For example, the expression of several AQP [AQP5 (formally AQP-xt5a) and AQP5-like (formally AQP-xt5b)] genes increased in both the ventral and dorsal skin of Xenopus tropicalis following acute dehydration (64). For terrestrial and arboreal frogs, there are amphibian-specific AQPs found only in the ventral pelvic patch of the epidermis-like AQP6ub (formally AQP-h2; see Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanistic basis for loss of water balance in green tree frogs infected with a fungal pathogen

McKercher

Cramp

et al. 2019

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Chytridiomycosis, a lethal skin disease caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( Bd), disrupts skin function of amphibians, interfering with ionic and osmotic regulation. To regulate fungal loads, amphibians increase their rate of skin sloughing. However, sloughing also causes a temporary loss of ionic and osmotic homeostasis due to disruption of the skin, a key osmoregulatory organ. The combined effects of increased sloughing frequency and chytridiomycosis contribute to the high rates of mortality from Bd infections. However, the mechanisms responsible for the loss of cutaneous osmotic regulation remain unknown. We measured the changes in whole animal water uptake rates, in vitro transcutaneous water fluxes across the ventral skin, and the mRNA expression of epithelial water transport proteins (aquaporins, AQPs) and junctional proteins in Bd-infected and uninfected Litoria caerulea skin. We hypothesize that infected frogs would show reduction/inhibition in cutaneous water transporters responsible for regulating water balance, and sloughing would exacerbate cutaneous water fluxes. We found that infected, nonsloughing frogs had an impaired rate of water uptake and showed increased rates of in vitro water efflux across the ventral skin. In uninfected frogs, the expression of AQPs and junction genes increased significantly with sloughing, which may assist in regulating cutaneous water movements and barrier function in the newly exposed skin. In contrast, infected frogs did not show this postsloughing increase in AQP gene expression. The combination of increased sloughing frequency, impaired water uptake rates, and increased rates of water loss likely contributes to the loss of osmotic homeostasis in frogs infected with Bd.

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Section: Bd Infection Impairs Cutaneous Water Uptake Rates But Not Tosupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Aqp and Tight-junction Mrna Response To Sloughing And Bd Infmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perspectives and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mechanistic basis for loss of water balance in green tree frogs infected with a fungal pathogen

McKercher

Cramp

et al. 2019

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…Finally, we removed possible retro-transposable single exon genes. The resulting gene model contained28,483 protein coding genes…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The whale shark genome reveals how genomic and physiological properties scale with body size

Park

Luria

Weber

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The endangered whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is the largest fish on Earth and is a long-lived member of the ancient Elasmobranchii clade. To characterize the relationship between genome features and biological traits, we sequenced and assembled the genome of the whale shark and compared its genomic and physiological features to those of 81 animals and yeast. We examined scaling relationships between body size, temperature, metabolic rates, and genomic features and found both general correlations across the animal kingdom and features specific to the whale shark genome. Among animals, increased lifespan is positively correlated to body size and metabolic rate. Several genomic features also significantly correlated with body size, including intron and gene length. Our large-scale comparative genomic analysis uncovered general features of metazoan genome architecture: GC content and codon adaptation index are negatively correlated, and neural connectivity genes are longer than average genes in most genomes. Focusing on the whale shark genome, we identified multiple features that significantly correlate with lifespan.Among these were very long gene length, due to large introns highly enriched in repetitive elements such as CR1-like LINEs, and considerably longer neural genes of several types, including connectivity, activity, and neurodegeneration genes. The whale shark's genome had an expansion of gene families related to fatty acid metabolism and neurogenesis, with the slowest evolutionary rate observed in vertebrates to date. Our comparative genomics approach uncovered multiple genetic features associated with body size, metabolic rate, and lifespan, and showed that the whale shark is a promising model for studies of neural architecture and lifespan. 4The relationships between body mass, longevity, and basal metabolic rate (BMR) across diverse habitats and taxa have been researched extensively over the last century, and led to generalized rules and scaling relationships that explain many physiological and genetic trends observed across the tree of life. While studies of endothermic aquatic mammals have shown that selection for larger body sizes is driven by the minimization of heat loss 1 , metabolic rate in ectothermic aquatic vertebrates is directly dependent on temperature, and decreased temperatures are correlated with decreased BMRs, decreased growth rates, longer generational times, and increased body sizes 2-4 . The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is the largest extant fish, reaching lengths of 20 meters (m) 5 and 42 tonnes (t) in mass 6 and has a maximum lifespan estimated at 80 years 6 . Unlike the two smaller filter-feeding shark species (Cetorhinus maximus, Megachasma pelagios) that inhabit colder temperate waters with increased prey availability, whale sharks have a cosmopolitan tropical and warm subtropical distribution and have rarely been sighted in areas with surface temperatures less than 21°C 7-9 . However, recent GPS tagging studies have revealed that they routinely dive to mesopelagic (200-1,000 ...

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RNA-seq analysis provides insight into molecular adaptations of Andrias davidianus

et al. 2019

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Gene expression and localization of two types of AQP5 inXenopus tropicalisunder hydration and dehydration

Abstract: expression and localization of two types of AQP5 in Xenopus tropicalis under hydration and dehydration.

Cited by 13 publications

References 45 publications

Mechanistic basis for loss of water balance in green tree frogs infected with a fungal pathogen

Mechanistic basis for loss of water balance in green tree frogs infected with a fungal pathogen

The whale shark genome reveals how genomic and physiological properties scale with body size

RNA-seq analysis provides insight into molecular adaptations of Andrias davidianus

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