Gene expression changes in human cells after exposure to mobile phone microwaves

Remondini, Daniel; Nylund, R; Reivinen, Jukka; Gannes, F. Poulletier de; Veyret, B.; Lagroye, I.; Haro, E.; Trillo, María Ángeles; Capri, Miriam; Franceschi, Claudio; Schlatterer, Kathrin; Gminski, Richard; Fitzner, Rudolf; Tauber, Rudolf; Schuderer, Jürgen; Kuster, Niels; Leszczyński, D; Bersani, Ferdinando; Maercker, Christian

doi:10.1002/pmic.200500896

Cited by 73 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These findings are supported by several gene-array studies showing significant shifts in the expression of a small subset of genes following RF irradiation [e.g. Remondini et al, 2006;Belyaev et al, 2006], Dawe et al 4 although other gene-array studies have reported no significant changes [Qutob et al, 2006;Whitehead et al, 2006;Gurisik et al, 2006]. The RF fields used in these vertebrate cell culture studies were pulsed (GSM) and more intense (SAR ~2.0 W kg -1 ) than those used in the nematode work (SAR 5-40 mW kg -1 CW), raising the possibility that apparent differences between studies on nematodes and on vertebrate cells may reflect modulation and/or dose.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Continuous wave and simulated GSM exposure at 1.8 W/kg and 1.8 GHz do not induce hsp16‐1 heat‐shock gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans

Dawe¹,

Nylund²,

Leszczyński³

et al. 2007

Bioelectromagnetics

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Recent data suggest that there might be a subtle thermal explanation for the apparent induction by radiofrequency (RF) radiation of transgene expression from a small heat‐shock protein (hsp16‐1) promoter in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. The RF fields used in the C. elegans study were much weaker (SAR 5–40 mW kg−1) than those routinely tested in many other published studies (SAR ∼2 W kg−1). To resolve this disparity, we have exposed the same transgenic hsp16‐1::lacZ strain of C. elegans (PC72) to higher intensity RF fields (1.8 GHz; SAR ∼1.8 W kg−1). For both continuous wave (CW) and Talk‐pulsed RF exposures (2.5 h at 25 °C), there was no indication that RF exposure could induce reporter expression above sham control levels. Thus, at much higher induced RF field strength (close to the maximum permitted exposure from a mobile telephone handset), this particular nematode heat‐shock gene is not up‐regulated. However, under conditions where background reporter expression was moderately elevated in the sham controls (perhaps as a result of some unknown co‐stressor), we found some evidence that reporter expression may be reduced by ∼15% following exposure to either Talk‐pulsed or CW RF fields. Bioelectromagnetics 29:92–99, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Continuous wave and simulated GSM exposure at 1.8 W/kg and 1.8 GHz do not induce hsp16‐1 heat‐shock gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans

Dawe¹,

Nylund²,

Leszczyński³

et al. 2007

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…The complex field patterns, with variable peak field strengths and intervals between transmissions, may influence biology in ways that controlled, simulated patterns cannot, but they are not represented by time-averaged, duty factor reductions of described energy absorption. Responses to RF fields can be greater for intermittent exposures than continuous (15,16) and depend upon the pulse characteristics for the same average power (17). Effects can be dependent on frequency, modulation, signal strength (intensity windows), durations of exposure and polarisation (18,19).…”

Section: Scientific Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

Inaccurate official assessment of radiofrequency safety by the Advisory Group on Non-ionising Radiation

Starkey

2016

Reviews on Environmental Health

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AbstractThe Advisory Group on Non-ionising Radiation (AGNIR) 2012 report forms the basis of official advice on the safety of radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields in the United Kingdom and has been relied upon by health protection agencies around the world. This review describes incorrect and misleading statements from within the report, omissions and conflict of interest, which make it unsuitable for health risk assessment. The executive summary and overall conclusions did not accurately reflect the scientific evidence available. Independence is needed from the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), the group that set the exposure guidelines being assessed. This conflict of interest critically needs to be addressed for the forthcoming World Health Organisation (WHO) Environmental Health Criteria Monograph on Radiofrequency Fields. Decision makers, organisations and individuals require accurate information about the safety of RF electromagnetic signals if they are to be able to fulfil their safeguarding responsibilities and protect those for whom they have legal responsibility.

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“…17,18 When the cells are irradiated with low power settings (240 W with up to 15 cycles and 420 W with 6 cycles of 5 s), an increase in ATP production above control levels is observed, indicating an enhancement in cellular metabolism or growth. Higher powers of irradiation, however, cause increasing levels of cellular damage indicated by the decrease in ATP production.…”

Section: Microwave For Gene/oligonucleotide Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primer sequences for the RT-PCR reaction were Ex20Fo 5 0 -CAGAATTCTGCCAATTGCTGAG-3 0 and Ex26Ro 5 0 -TTCTTCAGCTTGTGTCATCC-3 0 for amplification of mRNA from exon 20 to 26. 17 The cycling conditions were 95 1C for 1 min, 55 1C for 1 min, 72 1C for 2 min for 30 cycles. The reaction mix consists of 1 Â PCR buffer (Invitrogen), 10 mM of each dNTP, 0.6 mM of each primer and 2.5 mM MgCl 2 .…”

Section: Aon Rna Extraction and Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave irradiation enhances gene and oligonucleotide delivery and induces effective exon skipping in myoblasts

Doran

Vanier³

et al. 2008

Gene Ther

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Microwave (MW) energy consists of electric and magnetic fields and is able to penetrate deep into biological materials. We investigated the effect of MW (2450 MHz) irradiation on gene delivery in cultured mouse myoblasts and observed enhanced transgene expression. This effect is, however, highly variable and critically dependent on the power levels, duration and cycle conditions of MW exposure. MW irradiation greatly enhances delivery of 2 0 O methyl-phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide (AON) targeting mouse dystrophin exon 23 and induces specific exon skipping in cultured myoblasts. Effective delivery of AON by MW irradiation is able to correct the dystrophin reading frame disrupted by a nonsense point mutation in the H2K mdx myoblasts, resulting in the restoration of dystrophin expression. MW-mediated nucleic acid delivery does not directly link to the increase in system temperature. The high variability in gene and oligonucleotide delivery is most likely the result of considerable irregularity in the distribution of the energy and magnetic field produced by MW with the current device. Therefore, achieving effective delivery of the therapeutic molecules would require new designs of MW devices capable of providing controllable and evenly distributed energy for homogenous exposure of the target cells.

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Gene expression changes in human cells after exposure to mobile phone microwaves

Cited by 73 publications

References 28 publications

Continuous wave and simulated GSM exposure at 1.8 W/kg and 1.8 GHz do not induce hsp16‐1 heat‐shock gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans

Continuous wave and simulated GSM exposure at 1.8 W/kg and 1.8 GHz do not induce hsp16‐1 heat‐shock gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans

Inaccurate official assessment of radiofrequency safety by the Advisory Group on Non-ionising Radiation

Microwave irradiation enhances gene and oligonucleotide delivery and induces effective exon skipping in myoblasts

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