Gene Expression Patterns in the Outer Mantle Epithelial Cells Associated with Pearl Sac Formation

Inoue, Nariaki; Ishibashi, Ryo; Ishikawa, Takashi; Atsumi, Takashi; Aoki, Hideo; Komaru, Akira

doi:10.1007/s10126-010-9318-7

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…After implantation, the epithelium proliferates and migrates from the edge of the mantle graft until it completely surrounds the nucleus [4], indicating that the pearl sac epithelium is derived from epithelium cells which had previously expressed both MSI31 and MSI60. Our previous study using real time PCR [26] showed that the expression of genes in the pearl sac epithelium initially decreased markedly and almost no transcription occurred until ten days after implantation when transcription of the shell matrix genes commenced. Once the pearl sac is formed, the expression of all genes in the pearl sac epithelium maybe regulated by common factors in spite of the different gene expression pattern just before implantation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pearl Microstructure and Expression of Shell Matrix Protein Genes MSI31 and MSI60 in the Pearl Sac Epithelium of Pinctada fucata by In Situ Hybridization

et al. 2013

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Expression patterns of the shell matrix protein genes MSI31 and MSI60 in the pearl sac epithelium were examined by in situ hybridization 38 days after implantation, and related to pearl quality. A pearl sac that produced a nacreous pearl showed very weak expression of MSI31 and strong expression of MSI60. A pearl sac, which yielded a prismatic pearl, strongly expressed MSI31 and very weakly expressed MSI60. In a complex pearl, whose surface consisted of a mosaic of both nacreous and prismatic layers, the expression pattern of MSI31 and MSI60 similarly corresponded to the underlying surface structures of the pearl. A nacreous pearl whose pearl sac showed strong MSI31 expression had an entirely nacreous surface composed of a laminar structure with unusual tablet growth at the corresponding site. MSI31 and MSI60 are the major components of the shell matrix proteins of the nacreous and prismatic layers. Clearly, high expression of MSI31 does not always result in prismatic secretion. These observations cannot be explained solely on the basis of the expression patterns of MSI31 and MSI60. We propose that, in addition to the MSI genes that form the prismatic and nacreous layers, upstream from these genes there are regulatory master genes that determine whether a nacreous layer (aragonite) or a prismatic layer (calcite) is formed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pearl Microstructure and Expression of Shell Matrix Protein Genes MSI31 and MSI60 in the Pearl Sac Epithelium of Pinctada fucata by In Situ Hybridization

et al. 2013

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“…The expression of each matrix protein gene is restricted to epithelial cells in specific parts of a mantle tissue (Takeuchi and Endo 2005). Differences have been reported in expression patterns of these genes encoding several shell matrix proteins between mantle and pearlsac epithelial cells, and among pearl-sac epithelial cells forming different types of pearls (Takeuchi and Endo 2005;Wang et al 2009;Inoue et al 2010Inoue et al , 2011aInoue et al , 2011b. Daily oscillation in the gene expression is also reported (Miyazaki et al 2008).…”

Section: -4 Relationships Between Morphological Characteristics Of mentioning

confidence: 89%

Fundamental Studies oninvivoandinvitroPearl Formation—Contribution of Outer Epithelial Cells of Pearl Oyster Mantle and Pearl Sacs

Awaji¹,

Machii²

2011

Aqua-BioSci. Monogr. (ABSM)

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is the pallial line, which is an impression of the pallial muscles lined in an arc in the middle of a mantle. Several types of epithelial cells are recognized in the outer epithelium of a pearl oyster mantle (Tsujii 1960;Wada 1966). The most abundant type is named as outer epithelial cells. They are regarded to play a major role in shell formation and regeneration, and their functions are a main theme of this article.A shell of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata, characterized by its beautiful luster over the inner surface, consists of two layers: periostracum and ostracum. The periostracum is a thin, pliable proteinaceous sheet covering the outer surface of the shell. Components of the periostracum are synthesized in a periostracum gland located at the bottom of a periostracal groove between an outer and a middle fold of a mantle. The periostracum is thought to serve as a barrier that iso- Fundamental Studies on in vivo and in vitro AbstractOuter epithelial cells, which constitute a monolayer epithelium covering the outer surface of pearl oyster mantle, play principal roles in shell and pearl formation. In pearl culture, a fragment of the mantle prepared from a donor is implanted into the recipient's gonad together with a small inorganic bead. Histological studies using pearl oyster Pinctada fucata have revealed that the outer epithelial cells emigrate from the allograft, proliferate, and form a pearl sac surrounding the bead. Following the pearl-sac formation, the pearl-sac epithelia start to form calcium carbonate crystals, such as nacre, on the bead showing morphological characteristics closely related with the crystal structures.To investigate cellular mechanisms of the pearl formation, organ and cell culture methods for the outer epithelial cells of pearl oyster mantle were developed. In the organ culture, crystal formation, deposition of shell matrix-like structure, and DNA synthesis of the outer epithelial cells were observed. The outer epithelial cells separated from the mantle started DNA synthesis in co-culture with hemocytes that revealed a part of cellto-cell interactions during the pearl-sac formation processes. Substitution of the cultured outer epithelial cells for a mantle allograft in pearl culture was tested by injection of the cultured cells; the results of which implied future possibilities for the application of the cultured outer epithelial cells for pearl production.

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“…; Inoue et al . ). In other words, some genes lowered the expression levels at the early phase of pearl sac and pearl formation while other genes had decreased expression levels at the later phases (Inoue et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Similar results were reported from Inoue et al . (Inoue, Ishibashi, Ishikawa, Atsumi, Aoki & Komaru ), which compared the gene expression levels of six shell matrix proteins (msi60, n16, nacrein, msi31, prismalin‐14 and aspein) between the mantle graft and pearl sac of P. fucata martensii and found the relative expression levels for msi60 and aspein decreased greatly after pearl sac formation. The results suggest that the host oyster restrained activity of PS, resulting in low transcriptional activity of some of biomineralization genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression profiles of nine biomineralization genes and their relationship with pearl nacre thickness in the pearl oyster,Pinctada fucata martensiiDunker

Yin

et al. 2014

Aquac Res

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Pinctada fucata martensii is an ideal animal for study of biomineralization. Although dozens of genes have been identified, the molecular mechanism of biomineralization remains still unclear. The purpose here was to discover the expression profiles of nine biomineralization genes in related tissues: mantle edge (ME), mantle centre (MC) and pearl sac (PS), and to explore the relationships between expression level and nacre thickness. The expression levels of seven genes (ACCBP, aspein, CaM, EFCBP, KRMP, nacrein and prismalin‐14) showed no significant difference between ME and MC, but were significantly higher than those in PS. The expression level of N19 was the same in ME and PS, significantly higher than that in MC. However, msi60 in ME, MC and PS showed no significant differences in expression level. In addition, the correlations of expression levels between ME, MC and PS were highly significant, indicating that there are some similar function and mechanism among the three tissues. Also the nine genes had significant correlation of expression levels between one another. Furthermore, no other genes from oysters which produced pearls of different grades showed significant difference in the expression level, except CaM in MC, which had significantly higher expression level in the medium pearl grade than in the plain nucleus grade. Moreover, the expression level of msi60 in MC of host oyster was significantly correlated with produced pearl layer thickness, suggesting that msi60 might play an important role in pearl formation and host oyster may also participate in the development of pearl.

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Gene Expression Patterns in the Outer Mantle Epithelial Cells Associated with Pearl Sac Formation

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Pearl Microstructure and Expression of Shell Matrix Protein Genes MSI31 and MSI60 in the Pearl Sac Epithelium of Pinctada fucata by In Situ Hybridization

Pearl Microstructure and Expression of Shell Matrix Protein Genes MSI31 and MSI60 in the Pearl Sac Epithelium of Pinctada fucata by In Situ Hybridization

Fundamental Studies oninvivoandinvitroPearl Formation—Contribution of Outer Epithelial Cells of Pearl Oyster Mantle and Pearl Sacs

Expression profiles of nine biomineralization genes and their relationship with pearl nacre thickness in the pearl oyster,Pinctada fucata martensiiDunker

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