Gene Expression Profiles Linked to the Hormonal Induction of Male-Effect Pheromone Synthesis in Goats (Capra hircus)1

Momozawa, Yukihide; Takeuchi, Yukari; Kitago, Masaru; Masuda, Koji; Kakuma, Yoshie; Hashizume, Chie; Ichimaru, Toru; Mogi, Kazutaka; Okamura, Hiroaki; Yonezawa, Tomohiro; Kikusui, Takefumi; Mori, Yuji

doi:10.1095/biolreprod.106.059113

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Here, the expression of 5 genes known to function in steroid synthesis or metabolism were significantly differentially expressed in CRPC versus RAD. They are 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase ( DHCR24 ) [113], dehydrogenase/reductase SDR-family member 7 ( DHRS7 ) [114], elongation of long chain fatty acids family member 5 ( ELOVL5 ) [115,116], hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 4 ( HSD17B4 ) [117], and opioid receptor kappa 1 ( OPRK1 ) [118]. Increased levels of expression of these genes may be indicative of the influence of adrenal androgens, or the local synthesis of androgen, to reactivate the AR to promote the progression of prostate cancer in the absence of testicular androgens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LNCaP Atlas: Gene expression associated with in vivoprogression to castration-recurrent prostate cancer

et al. 2010

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BackgroundThere is no cure for castration-recurrent prostate cancer (CRPC) and the mechanisms underlying this stage of the disease are unknown.MethodsWe analyzed the transcriptome of human LNCaP prostate cancer cells as they progress to CRPC in vivo using replicate LongSAGE libraries. We refer to these libraries as the LNCaP atlas and compared these gene expression profiles with current suggested models of CRPC.ResultsThree million tags were sequenced using in vivo samples at various stages of hormonal progression to reveal 96 novel genes differentially expressed in CRPC. Thirty-one genes encode proteins that are either secreted or are located at the plasma membrane, 21 genes changed levels of expression in response to androgen, and 8 genes have enriched expression in the prostate. Expression of 26, 6, 12, and 15 genes have previously been linked to prostate cancer, Gleason grade, progression, and metastasis, respectively. Expression profiles of genes in CRPC support a role for the transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor (CCNH, CUEDC2, FLNA, PSMA7), steroid synthesis and metabolism (DHCR24, DHRS7, ELOVL5, HSD17B4, OPRK1), neuroendocrine (ENO2, MAOA, OPRK1, S100A10, TRPM8), and proliferation (GAS5, GNB2L1, MT-ND3, NKX3-1, PCGEM1, PTGFR, STEAP1, TMEM30A), but neither supported nor discounted a role for cell survival genes.ConclusionsThe in vivo gene expression atlas for LNCaP was sequenced and support a role for the androgen receptor in CRPC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LNCaP Atlas: Gene expression associated with in vivoprogression to castration-recurrent prostate cancer

et al. 2010

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“…In the pheromone synthesis cascade, dihydrotestosterone, after being converted from testosterone by 5α‐reductase, is shown to play a prerequisite role (35, 36). Our cDNA subtraction study has revealed that genes for two enzymes, stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) and elongation of the long chain fatty acid family member 5 (ELOVL5), show more than 100‐fold higher expression levels in pheromone‐positive skin samples compared to the control (37). An in situ hybridisation study has confirmed that mRNAs for SCD1 and ELOVL5 are expressed in the sebaceous gland of the head skin of mature male, but not castrated, goats (38).…”

Section: Production Of Pheromonementioning

confidence: 99%

Male Effect Pheromone Tickles the Gonadotrophin‐Releasing Hormone Pulse Generator

Okamura

Murata

Sakamoto

et al. 2010

J Neuroendocrinology

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In sheep and goats, the primer pheromone produced by the male induces out‐of‐seasonal ovulation in anoestrous females, the so‐called ‘male effect.’ Because the initial endocrine event following reception of the pheromone is the stimulation of pulsatile luteinising hormone (LH) secretion, the central target of the pheromone is considered to be the putative gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator. Using electrophysiological techniques to record multiple‐unit activity (MUA) in close proximity to kisspeptin neurones in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of Shiba goats, we found that bursts (volleys) of MUA occur at regular intervals, and repetitive bursts are invariably associated with discrete pulses of LH, suggesting that the ARC kisspeptin neurones may be the intrinsic source of the GnRH pulse generator. A brief exposure of female goats to the pheromone immediately elicited an instantaneous rise in MUA, which is followed by an MUA volley and an accompanying LH pulse, indicating that the pheromone signal is transmitted to a subset of the ARC kisspeptin neurones to activate them. Because it has been suggested that the neurokinin B and dynorphin coexpressed in those neurones play critical roles in generating rhythmic bursts, they may be involved in the intracellular pheromone actions that are responsible for inducing the GnRH pulse.

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“…Interestingly, 'male effect' pheromone activity is also induced in female skin by androgens [9]. We found that expression of the genes for elongation of long-chain fatty acids family member 5 (ELOVL5) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) increased significantly, concomitant with induction of pheromone synthesis, in three types of skin models, i.e., the head skin of Ttreated orchidectomized (ODX) male goats, rump skin of DHT-treated ODX male goats and head skin of DHT-treated ovariectomized female goats, thereby implicating these two genes as prime can-didates for pheromone synthesis [10].…”

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Localization of the Candidate Genes ELOVL5 and SCD1 for Male Effect' Pheromone Synthesis in Goats (Capra hircus)

et al. 2007

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Abstract. The 'male effect' is a well-known phenomenon in female sheep and goats, whereby pheromone-induced activation of reproductive function occurs. In a previous study, we showed that the genes for elongation of long-chain fatty acids family member 5 (ELOVL5) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) increased their expression significantly, concomitant with induction of pheromone synthesis. Therefore, these genes were considered to be prime candidate genes for pheromone synthesis. In the present study, we performed in situ hybridization to investigate where these two genes are expressed in goat skin. Strong positive signals were detected for both genes in the head skin of the male goat, which is the main site of pheromone production, and were mainly in the basal layer of the sebaceous gland cells, with the remaining cells showing negligible signals. None of the cells in the rump skin of the male goat or the head skin of the orchidectomized goat, neither of which produce pheromone, exhibited strong positive signals. The present study demonstrates that expression of these two candidate genes for pheromone synthesis is primarily localized in the sebaceous glands of the pheromone-producing skin region. , the 'male effect' is well known as a pheromone-induced phenomenon in which seasonally anovulatory females resume ovarian cyclicity in response to introduction of a male. In goats, we have previously shown that the 'male effect' pheromone is produced in a testosterone (T)-dependent manner in the skin of the head region, but not in the skin of the rump region [4,5], using a bioassay for pheromone activity that we had developed previously [6,7]. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment induces pheromone production in the skin of the rump region, where pheromones are not produced constitutively [8]. Interestingly, 'male effect' pheromone activity is also induced in female skin by androgens [9]. We found that expression of the genes for elongation of long-chain fatty acids family member 5 (ELOVL5) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) increased significantly, concomitant with induction of pheromone synthesis, in three types of skin models, i.e., the head skin of Ttreated orchidectomized (ODX) male goats, rump skin of DHT-treated ODX male goats and head skin of DHT-treated ovariectomized female goats, thereby implicating these two genes as prime can-

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Gene Expression Profiles Linked to the Hormonal Induction of Male-Effect Pheromone Synthesis in Goats (Capra hircus)1

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

LNCaP Atlas: Gene expression associated with in vivoprogression to castration-recurrent prostate cancer

LNCaP Atlas: Gene expression associated with in vivoprogression to castration-recurrent prostate cancer

Male Effect Pheromone Tickles the Gonadotrophin‐Releasing Hormone Pulse Generator

Localization of the Candidate Genes ELOVL5 and SCD1 for Male Effect' Pheromone Synthesis in Goats (Capra hircus)

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