Gene expression suggests decoupled dorsal and ventral segmentation in the millipede Glomeris marginata (Myriapoda: Diplopoda)

Janßen, Ralf; Prpic, Nikola‐Michael; Damen, Wim G.M.

doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2003.12.021

Cited by 133 publications

(293 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Sequences of At-h and At-hh were available from GenBank. Fragments of At-Dfd, At-lab, At-dac, At-Pax6, and At-six3 were obtained via RT-PCR with degenerate primers (20,22,34) and additional sequence via RACE-PCR. Accession numbers are as follows: AB096074 (At-otd-1), AB125743 (At-h), AB125742 (At-hh), AB125741 (At-en), FM945396 (At-Dfd), FM945395 (At-lab), FM945397 (Atdac), FM945394 (At-Pax6), and FM945393 (At-six3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic gene expression is required for anterior regionalization in a spider

Pechmann

McGregor

Schwager

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Patterning of a multicellular embryo requires precise spatiotemporal control of gene expression during development. The gradient of the morphogen bicoid regulates anterior regionalization in the syncytial blastoderm of Drosophila. However many arthropod embryos develop from a cellular blastoderm that does not allow the formation of transcription factor gradients. Here we show that correct anterior development of the cellularized embryo of the spider Achaearanea tepidariorum requires an anterior-to-posterior wave of dynamic gene expression for positioning the stripes of hairy, hedgehog, and orthodenticle expression. Surprisingly, this dynamic repositioning of the expression of these segmentation genes is blocked in orthodenticle pRNAi embryos and no anterior structures are specified in those embryos. Our data suggest that dynamic gene expression across a field of cells is required for anterior regionalization in spiders and provides an explanation for the problem of how positional values for anterior segmentation genes are specified via a morphogen-independent mechanism across a field of cells.Achaearanea tepidariorum ͉ evolution and development ͉ hairy ͉ orthodenticle ͉ segmentation

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic gene expression is required for anterior regionalization in a spider

Pechmann

McGregor

Schwager

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…1988; Oppenheimer et al, 1999), but the expression patterns of segmentpolarity genes in representatives of all four extant arthropod groups (insects, crustaceans, myriapods, chelicerates) are highly conserved, which strongly suggests their functions are conserved (Patel et al, 1989;Scholtz et al, 1994;Nagy and Carroll, 1994;Nulsen and Nagy, 1999;Damen, 2002;Hughes and Kaufman, 2002b;Janssen et al, 2004Janssen et al, , 2006Simonnet et al, 2004). The segment polarity genes are expressed in segmental stripes in all arthropods.…”

Section: Conservation Of the Segment-polarity Network And The Conservmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary conservation and divergence of the segmentation process in arthropods

Damen

2007

Developmental Dynamics

153

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A fundamental characteristic of the arthropod body plan is its organization in metameric units along the anterior-posterior axis. The segmental organization is laid down during early embryogenesis. Our view on arthropod segmentation is still strongly influenced by the huge amount of data available from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (the Drosophila paradigm). However, the simultaneous formation of the segments in Drosophila is a derived mode of segmentation. Successive terminal addition of segments from a posteriorly localized presegmental zone is the ancestral mode of arthropod segmentation. This review focuses on the evolutionary conservation and divergence of the genetic mechanisms of segmentation within arthropods. The more downstream levels of the segmentation gene network (e.g., segment polarity genes) appear to be more conserved than the more upstream levels (gap genes, Notch/Delta signaling). Surprisingly, the basally branched arthropod groups also show similarities to mechanisms used in vertebrate somitogenesis. Furthermore, it has become clear that the activation of pair rule gene orthologs is a key step in the segmentation of all arthropods. Important findings of conserved and diverged aspects of segmentation from the last few years now allow us to draw an evolutionary scenario on how the mechanisms of segmentation could have evolved and led to the present mechanisms seen in various insect groups including dipterans like Drosophila. Developmental Dynamics 236:1379 -1391, 2007.

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“…Fragments of wingless (wg) and hedgehog (hh) were amplified with the degenerate primers described by Damen (2002) and Janssen et al, (2004). Expression of wg was described by Nagy and Carroll (1994) and expression of hh has been described by Farzana and Brown (2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the overall expression pattern of H15 is conserved in all hitherto studied arthropods (Prpic et al, 2003, Buescher et al, 2004, Janssen et al, 2008a, b, Svendsen et al, 2009, and since the SPG-network itself is also highly conserved in arthropods including Tribolium (Farzana and Brown 2008, Janssen et al, 2004, 2008a, this implies also that the function of H15 in the beetle is likely conserved. Notably, however, H15 appears to be the only SPG that is regulated in a double-segmental fashion.…”

Section: Unique Regulation Of H15 In Triboliummentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression suggests double-segmental and single-segmental patterning mechanisms during posterior segment addition in the beetle Tribolium castaneum

Janßen

2014

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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In the model arthropod Drosophila, all segments are patterned simultaneously in the blastoderm. In most other arthropods, however, posterior segments are added sequentially from a posterior segment addition zone. Posterior addition of single segments likely represents the ancestral mode of arthropod segmentation, although in Drosophila, segments are patterned in pairs by the pair-rule genes. It has been shown that in the new model insect, the beetle Tribolium, a segmentation clock operates that apparently patterns all segments in pairs as well. Here, I report on the expression of the segment polarity gene H15/midline in Tribolium. In the anterior embryo, segmental stripes of H15 appear in pairs, but in the posterior of the embryo stripes appear in a single-segmental periodicity. This implies that either two completely different segmentationmechanisms may act in the germ band of Tribolium, that the segmentation clock changes its periodicity during development, or that the speed in which posterior segments are patterned changes. In any case, the data suggest the presence of another (or modified), yet undiscovered, mechanism of posterior segment addition in one of the best-understood arthropod models. The finding of a hitherto unrecognized segmentation mechanism in Tribolium may have major implications for the understanding of the origin of segmentation mechanisms, including the origin of pair rule patterning. It also calls for (re)-investigation of posterior segment addition in Tribolium and other previously studied arthropod models. KEY WORDS: segmentation, arthropod development, arthropod evolution, segment polarityOur understanding of arthropod segmentation comes primarily from studies on the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. Here, a hierarchic segmentation gene cascade operates to subdivide, in a stepwise fashion, a syncytial blastoderm that later develops without posterior segment addition into the complete adult body. Notably, one step of this segmentation mechanism comprises the temporal establishment of double-segmental units, as shown by the function (and expression) of the pair-rule genes. In most other arthropods, only anterior segments are formed from the blastoderm, and posterior segments are added from a posterior segment addition zone (Davis and Patel 2002). Posterior segment addition with a single-segmental periodicity likely represents the ancestral mechanism, as suggested by morphological observations and gene expression analysis Damen 2005, Janssen 2011). Evidence for double-segmental patterning mechanisms in the blastoderm, superficially comparable to Drosophila pair-rule patterning, has, however, been found in distantly related arthropods (Dearden et al., 2002, Janssen et al., 2012 Double-segmental patterning has also been found in tissue that is generated from the posterior segment addition zone in the beetle Tribolium castaneum (Choe et al., 2006) in addition to other insects (Davis et al., 2001, Mito et al., 2007, Erezyilmaz et al., 2009) and a distantly related arthropod, ...

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Gene expression suggests decoupled dorsal and ventral segmentation in the millipede Glomeris marginata (Myriapoda: Diplopoda)

Cited by 133 publications

References 65 publications

Dynamic gene expression is required for anterior regionalization in a spider

Dynamic gene expression is required for anterior regionalization in a spider

Evolutionary conservation and divergence of the segmentation process in arthropods

Gene expression suggests double-segmental and single-segmental patterning mechanisms during posterior segment addition in the beetle Tribolium castaneum

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