Gene flow on the ice: genetic differentiation among Adélie penguin colonies around Antarctica

Roeder, Amy D.; Marshall, Richelle K.; Mitchelson, Amanda J.; Visagathilagar, Thungar; Ritchie, Peter A.; Love, Donald R.; Pakai, Trevor J.; McPartlan, H.; Murray, Neil; Robinson, Nick; Kerry, Knowles; Lambert, David M.

doi:10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01312.x

Cited by 74 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The PCR primers used to amplify the microsatellite DNA loci TP500, RM6, AM13, AM3, and HrU2 were as detailed in ref. 19. Additional microsatellite DNA primer sequences (5Ј to 3Ј) used are as follows: XVC11, F-GGTTCAACCAGAAGCAAAGC and R-GTGTAACCG-GCCCTGATG; XXG12a, F-GGTCCTGGATTCCCTTGACT and R-GCCAACTGCTGGAGAGACC; XIXB3, F-TGAT-GATTCCCATTGCCATA and R-TCAAGTCAGGAGTATT-GCCATTT; and XVIIIB2, F-AGTAGCCAGCTCCTCC-AGGT and R-CTGGTGAGTAGTTGGGACCAG.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microevolution and mega-icebergs in the Antarctic

Shepherd

Millar

Ballard

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Microevolution is regarded as changes in the frequencies of genes in populations over time. Ancient DNA technology now provides an opportunity to demonstrate evolution over a geological time frame and to possibly identify the causal factors in any such evolutionary event. Using nine nuclear microsatellite DNA loci, we genotyped an ancient population of Adélie penguins ( Pygoscelis adeliae ) aged ≈6,000 years B.P. Subfossil bones from this population were excavated by using an accurate stratigraphic method that allowed the identification of individuals even within the same layer. We compared the allele frequencies in the ancient population with those recorded from the modern population at the same site in Antarctica. We report significant changes in the frequencies of alleles between these two time points, hence demonstrating microevolutionary change. This study demonstrates a nuclear gene-frequency change over such a geological time frame. We discuss the possible causes of such a change, including the role of mutation, genetic drift, and the effects of gene mixing among different penguin populations. The latter is likely to be precipitated by mega-icebergs that act to promote migration among penguin colonies that typically show strong natal return.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microevolution and mega-icebergs in the Antarctic

Shepherd

Millar

Ballard

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Furthermore, if the utilisation of oceanic gyres by migrating penguins is found to be a widespread phenomenon, there will be some important consequences. This form of ecological constraint could lead to genetic isolation of populations, although there might still be sufficient mixing of border groups to ensure a degree of gene flow (Roeder et al 2001). Nonetheless, the identification of ecological boundaries based on positions of oceanic gyres could provide new insights into the structure and function of Antarctic ecosystems.…”

Section: Winter Foraging Grounds and Gyral Oceanic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-fledging and winter migration of Adélie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae in the Mawson region of East Antarctica

Clarke¹,

Kerry²,

Fowler³

et al. 2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Seven fledging Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae chicks and 4 post-moult adults were satellite tracked using the Argos system during the winters of 1995-97 and 1998, respectively. Six fledglings departed from Béchervaise Island near Mawson station (67°35' S, 62°49' E) during late February of 1996 and 1997 and were tracked for up to 5 mo before transmissions stopped. The 7th fledgling left Magnetic Island near Davis station (68°33' S, 77°54' E) in February 1995 and was tracked for 32 d. All fledglings travelled northward initially, then westward along the edge of the fast ice or in the pack-ice. Fledglings had travelled between 536 and 1931 km to the west of their natal colonies by the time transmissions ceased. Adult Adélie penguins were tracked between March and October 1998, following completion of their annual moult at Bechérvaise Island. Instruments were set to transmit for 2 h every 10th day over the first 5 mo and 1 d in 4 thereafter. Adult birds travelled westward until July, after which time they moved north within the expanding pack-ice into known areas of high krill concentration before returning eastward toward their breeding sites. Penguin movements over the winter months were closely related to those of sea ice in the region. Ice motion patterns were in turn influenced by gyral oceanic current systems and wind. We propose that large gyral oceanic systems provide a means for Adélie penguins to reduce costs of transport as they travel into regions of high productivity during winter and return to their breeding colonies in spring.

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“…southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina [11] or Adélie penguin Pygoscelis Adeliae [12]), the future rate of environmental changes induced by a warming climate may outpace the ability of most uppertrophic-level predators to adjust. In this context, projections simulated according to future global warming scenarios given by the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report [13] reveal that the genus Aptenodytes may be under serious threat of extinction before the end of the twenty-first century [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

King penguin demography since the last glaciation inferred from genome-wide data

et al. 2014

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How natural climate cycles, such as past glacial/interglacial patterns, have shaped species distributions at the high-latitude regions of the Southern Hemisphere is still largely unclear. Here, we show how the post-glacial warming following the Last Glacial Maximum (ca 18 000 years ago), allowed the (re)colonization of the fragmented sub-Antarctic habitat by an upperlevel marine predator, the king penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus. Using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing and standard mitochondrial data, we tested the behaviour of subsets of anonymous nuclear loci in inferring past demography through coalescent-based and allele frequency spectrum analyses. Our results show that the king penguin population breeding on Crozet archipelago steeply increased in size, closely following the Holocene warming recorded in the Epica Dome C ice core. The following population growth can be explained by a threshold model in which the ecological requirements of this species (year-round ice-free habitat for breeding and access to a major source of food such as the Antarctic Polar Front) were met on Crozet soon after the Pleistocene/Holocene climatic transition.

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Gene flow on the ice: genetic differentiation among Adélie penguin colonies around Antarctica

Cited by 74 publications

References 44 publications

Microevolution and mega-icebergs in the Antarctic

Microevolution and mega-icebergs in the Antarctic

Post-fledging and winter migration of Adélie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae in the Mawson region of East Antarctica

King penguin demography since the last glaciation inferred from genome-wide data

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