Gene‐for‐gene relationships between rice and diverse avrBs3/pthA avirulence genes in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Wu, Xinrong; Li, Y. R.; Zou, Lifang; Chen, G. Y.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01495.x

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…To determine whether the cosmid p58, which was isolated from the genome library of the strain JXOIII of Xoo [41], contains any avrBs3/pthA family genes, we conducted Southern hybridization using a conserved 359 bp EcoR IBamH I fragment from avrXa3 [42] as a probe ( Figure 1A). …”

Section: Isolation Of Two Avrbs3/ptha Genes From the Cosmid P58mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transconjugant of PXO99 A with this cosmid induced a HR in the rice cultivar IRBB5, which contains the recessive R gene xa5 [41].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, we isolated the cosmid p58 from a genomic DNA library of the strain JXOIII [41]. The transconjugant of PXO99 A with this cosmid induced a HR in the rice cultivar IRBB5, which contains the recessive R gene xa5 [41].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Identification of an avirulence gene, avrxa5, from the rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Zou

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2010

Sci. China Life Sci.

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Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial blight in rice, interacts with rice plants in a gene-for-gene manner. The specificity of the interaction is dictated by avirulence (avr) genes in the pathogen and resistance (R) genes in the host. To date, no avr genes that correspond to recessive R genes have been isolated. We isolated an avrBs3/pthA family gene, avrxa5, from our previously isolated clone p58, which was originally from strain JXOIII. The avrxa5 gene converted the PXO99(A) strain from compatible to incompatible in rice cultivars containing the recessive xa5 gene, but not in those containing the dominant Xa5 gene. Sequencing indicated that avrxa5, which is highly similar to members of the avrBs3/pthA family, encodes a protein of 1238 amino acid residues with a conserved carboxy-terminal region containing three nuclear localization signals and a transcription activation domain. It has 19.5 34-amino-acid direct repeats, but the 13th amino acid is missing in the fifth and ninth repetitive units. Domain swapping of the repetitive regions between avrxa5 and avrXa7 changed the avirulence specificity of the genes in xa5 and Xa7 rice lines, respectively. This indicates that avrxa5 is distinct from previously characterized avrBs3/pthA members. The specificity of avrxa5 toward recessive xa5 in rice could help us better understand the molecular mechanisms of plant-pathogen specific interactions.

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Section: Isolation Of Two Avrbs3/ptha Genes From the Cosmid P58mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transconjugant of PXO99 A with this cosmid induced a HR in the rice cultivar IRBB5, which contains the recessive R gene xa5 [41].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of an avirulence gene, avrxa5, from the rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Zou

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2010

Sci. China Life Sci.

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“…oryzae (based on coexistence of high resistance in the same gene for different isogenic lines of rice; the strength of the lines reflects the number of connections, i.e., the number of genes with high resistance in the two isogenic lines of rice so connected). Data obtained from Wu et al (142). B, Scaled illustration of the distribution of virulence differences between isolates of wheat stem rust from the eastern and central United…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Networks in Plant Epidemiology: From Genes to Landscapes, Countries, and Continents

Moslonka‐Lefebvre¹,

Finley²,

Dorigatti³

et al. 2011

Phytopathology®

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Networks are sets of nodes connected by links in various ways (Box 1). Although the properties of random networks have already been systematically investigated in the 1960s, a growing body of literature is now using networks in a range of ecological applications, including the study and management of human, animal, and plant diseases (29,49,58,80,131) (Fig. 1). Given the generality and flexibility of the approach, network representations can be used at a variety of levels in plant pathology, from gene expression during host-pathogen interactions, to the development of plant epidemics among fields, farms, and landscapes and to trade movement of plants infected by pathogens or infested by insects among regions and countries.Network structure has profound effects on the dynamics of an epidemic within a population (51,61,127). In today's globally connected world, social and transportation networks play a crucial role in the spread of human infectious diseases (21,53,83). A network approach provides insights into the transmission of infectious diseases also in animals more generally (40,45,78,137). Although there is an increasing interdisciplinary application of networks in epidemiology, relatively little attention has been paid to these analytical approaches in plant sciences. Hence the need for this review, which aims to summarize recent progress in this rapidly developing field and to highlight research challenges specific to plant pathology.In today's plant pathology, as in other fields, there is a need for integrating investigations at the molecular, mycelium, plant, regional and international scale (9,48,102,111,118,120,132). Networks can provide such a unifying framework. They can be (i) perceived at an abstract level (e.g., fungal species occurring on the same plant species host), (ii) materialized by a physical structure (e.g., the root system of plant individuals connected by mycorrhiza, or vice versa), and (iii) underlying flows of energy, matter or information (e.g., the exchanges of knowledge, equipment and money among farmers, plant health consultants, researchers and phytopharmaceutical companies). There is increasing use of networks in ecology and epidemiology, but still relatively little application in phytopathology. Networks are sets of elements (nodes) connected in various ways by links (edges). Network analysis aims to understand system dynamics and outcomes in relation to network characteristics. Many existing natural, social, and technological networks have been shown to have small-world (local connectivity with short-cuts) and scale-free (presence of superconnected nodes) properties. In this review, we discuss how network concepts can be applied in plant pathology from the molecular to the landscape and global level. Wherever disease spread occurs not just because of passive/natural dispersion but also due to artificial movements, it makes sense to superimpose realistic models of the trade in plants on spatially explicit models of epidemic development. We provide an example of an emerging pat...

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“…For bacterial inoculations, Xoo strain was grown in Peptone Sucrose medium at 28°C (Karganilla et al, 1973). The cells were collected by centrifugation, and diluted to OD The clipping method was used for inoculation (Kauffman et al, 1973;Mundt et al, 2002;Wu et al, 2007). Leaf and leaf sheath (shoot) were harvested, and used immediately or stored at −80°C for total RNA extraction.…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of Rice OsHRL Gene Related to Bacterial Blight Resistance

Park¹,

Moon²,

Shin³

et al. 2010

The Plant Pathology Journal

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The expression of HR-like lesion inducing gene of Oryza sativa (OsHRL) was slightly increased by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) infection. Transgenic rice plants over-expressing OsHRL gene were challenged with Xoo and the development of disease symptoms were examined to investigate the effect of OsHRL gene expression on plant defense responses. The over-expression of OsHRL increased disease resistance against Xoo compared with wild type plants.

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Gene‐for‐gene relationships between rice and diverse avrBs3/pthA avirulence genes in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Identification of an avirulence gene, avrxa5, from the rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Identification of an avirulence gene, avrxa5, from the rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Networks in Plant Epidemiology: From Genes to Landscapes, Countries, and Continents

Isolation and Characterization of Rice OsHRL Gene Related to Bacterial Blight Resistance

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